[241] Zhèngshǐ 2/Yánxī 4/Chìwū 4
241 AD, Wú attacks Wèi
Spring, Standard Moon in Wú [241 January 29 - February 27], heavy snow, on flat ground three chǐ deep, of birds and beasts the dead were over half.1
Second Moon in Wèi [February 28 - March 28], Cáo Fāng first completed studying the Lúnyǔ, sent the Minister of Ceremonies with Grand Livestock to sacrifice to Kǒng-zǐ at Bìyōng, with Yán Yuān in accompaniment.2
Summer, Fourth Moon in Wú [April 28 - May 27], sent Guard General Quán Cóng to plunder Huáinán, breach Quèbēi “Què dam,” burning Ānchéng’s supply depots, capturing its people. Awing North General Zhūgě Kè attacked Lù’ān. Quán Cóng with Wèi officer Wáng Líng battled at Quèbēi, Internal Cadet General Qín Huǎng and others of over ten people died in battle. Chariots and Cavalry General Zhū Rán besieged Fán, General-in-Chief Zhūgě Jǐn captured Zhāzhōng.3
Previously at the beginning of Zhèngshǐ, Wáng Líng became Campaigning East General, Lent Staff as Capital Commander of Yáng Province’s military affairs. Zhèngshǐ Second Year, Wú chief officer Quán Cóng with multitudes of several tens of thousands raided Quèbēi, Wáng Líng led the various armies to suppress, with the Wú soldiers contesting the dam, fiercely battling for successive days.4
Sūn Lǐ appellation Dédá was a Zhuō prefecture Róngchéng man. Previously, when Excellency of Works Cáo Cāo pacified Yōu Province, Sūn Lǐ was summoned as a Strategy Official to the Army of the Excellency of Works. Previously during the chaos, Sūn Lǐ and his mother had lost each other. His same prefecture’s Mǎ Tái searched for and found Sūn Lǐ’s mother, Sūn Lǐ gave all his family wealth to Mǎ Tái. Later Mǎ Tái in connection to a violation of law was about to die, Sūn Lǐ privately directed Mǎ Tái to escape from prison, and shortly afterward Sūn Lǐ turned himself in directly to the Investigator of Treason Registrar Wēn Huī. Wēn Huī commended him and reported the situation to Cáo Cāo, and both Mǎ Tái and Sūn Lǐ were spared death by one degree. Later he was sent out as Héjiān Prefecture Deputy, gradually promoted to Xíngyáng Commandant, suppressed mountain bandits as Lǔ state Chancellor, and successively served as Shānyáng, Píngyuán, Píngchāng, and Lángyé Administrator. He accompanied Marshal-in-Chief Cáo Xiū’s campaign against Wú to Jiāhshí, remonstrated believing they should not deeply penetrate, was not listened to and defeated. Later he was transferred to Yángpíng Administrator, then entered Court as a Secretariat Writer. When the Wèi Emperor Cáo Ruì was building Palace Residences, the seasons were not harmonious to farming and Heaven’s Under had little grain, and Sūn Lǐ firmly argued to end the conscription. Imperial Order said: “Respectfully accepting honest advice, quickly send back the civilian builders.” At that time Lǐ Huì supervised the builders, and again memorialized to keep them for one moon because construction was nearly complete. Sūn Lǐ did not make another memorial but directly went to where the builders were to announce the Imperial Order dismissing the civilians. Cáo Ruì was surprised but did not reproach him.5
Once, Cáo Ruì was hunting at Dàshí mountain, and a tiger charged at his carriage. Sūn Lǐ threw his reins and dismounted horse, wishing to wield sword to strike the tiger. Imperial Order had Sūn Lǐ remount his horse.6
At the time when the Wèi Emperor Cáo Ruì was dying, because Cáo Shǔang was General-in-Chief and should have an excellent aide, Sūn Lǐ below the bed received the Legacy Imperial Order appointing him as General-in-Chief’s Chief Clerk and Cavalier Regular Attendant. However, Sūn Lǐ was harshly direct and unyielding, Cáo Shuǎng did not find him convenient, and so Sūn Lǐ was transferred to Yáng Province Inspector and General Subduing Waves, bestowed noble rank as Marquess Within the Passes.
When Wú chief officer Quán Cóng commanded multitudes of several tens of thousands to invade, at the time the provincial troops were on leave, and those present were very few. Sūn Lǐ personally led his guard to oppose them, battling at Quèbēi, from dawn to dusk, of the officers and soldiers the dead or wounded were over half. Sūn Lǐ waded into the naked blades, his horse was wounded multiple times, he hand grasped the drum sticks, exerting himself without regard for his body, and the enemy multitudes then retreated.7
Previously, Línglíng Administrator Yīn Lǐ said to Sūn Quán: “Now Heaven abandons the Cáo clan, their deaths and punishments are repeatedly seen, between fighting tigers and yet have a young child administering affairs. Your Majesty personally drives warfare, capturing the chaotic and disgraced and destroyed, and it is appropriate to cleanse the lands of Jīng and Yáng, raise the numbers of the strong and lean, having the strong wield halberds, the lean transport supplies, to the west order Yì Province’s army to Lǒngyòu, give to Zhūgě Jǐn and Zhū Rán large forces, directing affairs to Xiāngyáng, Lù Xùn and Zhū Huán separately campaigning against Shòuchūn, the Great Chariot entering Huáiyáng, crossing Qīng and Xú. Xiāngyáng and Shòuchūn will be trapped in receiving enemies, Cháng’ān on west engaged in facing the Shǔ army, Xǔ and Luò’s multitudes will certainly be divided; dragged and horned to collapse, the people certainly will inside answer, and the officers turn toward them, some losing advantages. When one army is defeated utterly, then the three armies will separate in heart. At ease feeding horses and resin chariots, climb and tread cities and towns, follow up on victory to pursue the defeated, to settle the central plains. If we do not use all the army and mobilize multitudes, and like before only lightly move, then it is not sufficient for great use, and prone to repeatedly retreat. The people are weary and authority declines, and in time strength is exhausted, it is not a plan for sending troops.” Sūn Quán did not employ this.8
Fifth Moon in Wú [May 28 - June 25], the Heir-Apparent Sūn Dēng died.9 He had been enthroned as Heir-Apparent altogether for twenty-one years, his years thirty-three at death. Facing his end, he sent up memorial that said:
“Your Servant being insolent, suffers a critical illness, examining myself as weak and inferior, I fear I will soon perish and die. I Your Servant do not begrudge myself, I only regret I will depart from supporting and nurturing my parent, to be buried and rot in lordly earth, and forever no longer look toward the Palace, serving the Court day and moon, when leaving to be of no benefit to the state, when dying bequeathing on Your Majesty a heavy grief, only for this am I choked up.
“Your Servant has heard that death and life has its fate, long or short is by Heaven, Zhōu Jìn and Yán Huí had talents of highest sagacity, and yet still prematurely died. All the more for Your Servant foolish and crude, my years have passed their lifespans, I lived as the state’s successor, on perishing will receive sacrificial glorious blessings, for Your Servant it is already too much, so yet why grieve and regret? Right now the great affair is not yet settled, the fleeing bandits not yet suppressed, myriad states watch in expectation, connecting their fates to Your Majesty, the endangered hope for security, the disordered look up for governance. May Your Majesty discard and forget Your Servant’s body, cut away feelings for your offspring, cultivate the techniques of Huáng-Lǎo, sincerely nourish your divine light, add delicacies and meals, expand and open the considerations of the divine intelligence, to settle the boundless enterprise, and so then lead the lands to fortune, and Your Servant will die without regrets.
“Imperial son [Sūn] Hé is benevolent and filial, acute and wise, virtue and conduct pure and abundant, and should be quickly established as successor, to connect with the people’s expectations. Zhūgě Kè’s talent and strategy are extensive and far-reaching, a vessel to be appointed to assist the times. Zhāng Xiū, Gù Tán, Xiè Jǐng are all thoroughly intelligent and have knowledge and determination, in entering should be entrusted as belly and heart, in exiting can be claws and teeth. Fàn Shèn, Huà Róng are valiant and strong in integrity, having the airs of state servicemen. Yáng Dào in debate is quick, having talents in expert reply. Diāo Xuán is superior and liberal, the will to tread the way to the true. Péi Qīn is widely knowledgeable, his writing selections sufficient for use. Jiǎng Xiū and Yú Fān have aspiration and integrity, understanding and enlightened. All these various ministers, some are suitable for the Court, some to be appointed military commanders, all are trained in the time’s affairs, understand and practiced in law and orders, hold to faith and firm in righteousness, having wills that cannot be seized away. These all are shined upon by Your Majesty’s sun and moon, selected and installed in Your Servant’s offices, so I was able to handle affairs with them, understand their feelings and natures, and dare to explain and report.
“Your Servant heavily ponders that at present the outer regions have many worries, the brigades and regiments cannot yet rest. One should be strict with the Six Armies, to plan to advance and capture. The army takes people as multitudes, multitudes take wealth as precious, I humbly have heard the prefectures and counties tend to be desolate and damaged, the civilians and materials withered and harmed, treachery and chaos sprouting, and therefore law and orders are complex and growing, punishments and penalties heavy and exacting. Your servant has heard that in enacting government and administering people, laws with the times develop and change, and truly it is appropriate to with the officers and officials and great ministers in detail select what suits the times, widely selecting out from the mass of suggestions, relaxing punishments and lightening taxation, be even and fair in labor conscription, to follow the people’s hopes.
“Lù Xùn is loyal and diligent in our time, devoting body to worry for the state, boldly speaking for the public, having selfless integrity. Zhūgě Jǐn, Bù Zhì, Zhū Rán, Quán Cóng, Zhū Jù, Lǚ Dài, Wú Càn, Kàn Zé, Yán Jùn, Zhāng Chéng, Sūn Yí are loyal to the state, thoroughly understand the form of government, and can be ordered to explain up what is convenient and avoid what is exacting and cumbersome, care for and nourish servicemen and horses, comfort and abide the common people.
“Beyond five years, within ten years, the distant will return to submission, the near will devote strength, the troops will not bloody blades and yet the Great Affair can be settled. Your Servant has heard: ‘A bird about to die, its call is sorrowful. A man about to die, his words are good.’ Therefore Zǐ Náng in facing the end left behind words to warn of the times. Gentlemen believed it loyalty, so all the more for Your Servant Dēng, could I stop? May Your Majesty leave attention and listen and select. Though I Your Servant die in days, it would be like living for years.”
Sūn Dēng had died and afterward the letter was read, Sūn Quán increased his devastation, when speaking then shedding tears.10
Xiè Jǐng at the time was Yūzhāng Administrator, could not control his grief, and abandoned his office to come running. Bowed and memorialized a self-impeachment. Sūn Quán said: “You and the Heir-Apparent worked together, distinct from other officials.” Sent internal envoys to show appreciations and restore his former office, and send him back to the prefecture.11
Xiè Jǐng appellation Shūfā was a Nányáng Wǎn man. In the prefecture he had governance legacies, the officials and commoners praised him, believing that previously there had been Gù Shào (Gù Yōng’s son), and next they had Xiè Jǐng. In several years he died in office.12
Posthumous name on Sūn Dēng as Xuān Tàizǐ ‘Renowned Heir-Apparent’. 13
Excellence heard everywhere is called Xuān.14
Sūn Dēng was first buried at Jùróng, installing a garden village to serve and guard, following standards. After three years, changed burial to Jiǎnglíng.15 Sūn Dēng’s sons Sūn Fán and Sūn Xī both had early died. Sūn Dēng’s second son Yīng was at some time enfeoffed as Marquess of Wú.16
While Quán Cóng had attacked Quèbēi, Zhū Rán and Sūn Lún with fifty thousand men besieged Fánchéng, Zhūgě Jǐn and Bù Zhì plundered Zhāzhōng.17
Summer, Fifth Moon in Wèi [May 28 - June 25], Wú officer Zhū Rán and others besieged Xiāngyáng’s Fánchéng. Grand Tutor Sīmǎ Yì led the multitudes to resist them.18
Wáng Líng had defeated Quán Cóng at Quèbēi.19 Sixth Moon in Wèi [June 26 - July 25], Jǐmǎo [July 2], Campaigning East General Wáng Líng became Chariots and Cavalry General.20 He was also applied Ceremonies Equal to the Three Excellencies and advanced in fief to Marquess of Nánxiāng, fief of 1350 households.21 At the battle of Quèbēi, Sūn Lǐ had waded into the naked blades, his horse was wounded multiple times, he hand grasped the drum sticks, exerting himself without regard for his body. Imperial Order letter showed appreciations, bestowing silk fabric of seven hundred pǐ. Sūn Lǐ for the dead established sacrifices and held mourning, weeping from the heart, and had all the fabric donated to the families of the deceased, keeping none for himself.22
Quán Cóng had already been defeated and fled but Fán’s encirclement was urgent. Sīmă Yì said: “Zhāzhōng’s civilians and Yí are a hundred thousand, separated to the river’s south, wandering refugees without a master, Fánchéng has been attacked for successive moons without relief. This is a dangerous situation. I request to personally suppress them.”
Commentators all said: “The rebels distantly travel to besiege Fánchéng and cannot capture it, obstructed below firm city walls, having momentum to be defeated on their own, it is appropriate to use a long-term plan to resist them.”
Sīmǎ Yì said: “Military records have this: ‘If a general is able but one resists him, this is to halter the army. If not able but yet one appoints him, this is to overturn the army.’ Now the borders are disturbed, the people’s hearts in doubt and confusion, it is a great concern for the State Altars.”
Sīmǎ Yì commanded the various armies on southern campaign. The Imperial Carriage escorted him to outside Jīnyáng city gate. Sīmǎ Yì because the southern region was hot and humid, not suitable to stay for long, sent light cavalry to raid them. Zhū Rán did not dare move. Therefore Sīmǎ Yì ordered the various armies to rest and wash and bathe, selected out elite troops, recruiting a first to ascend unit, extending calls and orders, to show momentum of being certain to attack. Zhū Rán and the rest heard of this, and so in the night retreated. 23
Sixth Moon in Wú [June 26 - July 25], the Wú armies returned.24
Xīnchǒu [July 24], the Wú armies retreated.25 Pursued the Wú armies to Sānzhōukǒu, greatly killing and capturing.26
Previously, Xiàhóu Rú appellation Jùnlín, Xiàhóu Shàng’s younger cousin, was Campaigning South General and Capital Commander of Jīng and Yù Provinces. In Zhèngshǐ Second Year [241], Zhū Rán besieged Fánchéng, inside the city the defending officer Yǐ Xiū and others requested rescue extremely urgently. Xiàhóu Rú advanced to garrison Dèngsāi, as his troops were few he did not dare advance, only drumming and trumpeting and setting up guide paths, from Zhū Rán by sixty to seventy lǐ, soaring out and then returning, to let Yǐ Xiū and the rest from afar see them, and repeatedly did this. After over a moon, when the Grand Tutor Sīmǎ Yì arrived, then they together advanced, and Zhū Rán and the rest fled. At the time people said Xiàhóu Rú was timid, while others believed making a show with a few to cause doubts in the many and obtain sounds of rescue was appropriate. Xiàhóu Rú still because of this was summoned back, becoming Minister Charioteer.27
During Zhèngshǐ [240 - 249], Wáng Chǎng was enfeoffed as Wǔguàn precinct Marquess, later promoted to Campaigning South General, Lent Staff as Capital Commander of Jīng and Yù various military affairs. Wáng Chǎng believed: “The state has constant multitudes, battles are without constant victories. Land has constant terrain, defenses are without constant momentum. Now garrisoning Wǎn is from Xiāngyáng by over three hundred lǐ, the various armies are scattered in garrisons, ships in spread out ponds. When there are emergencies they are not enough to rescue one another.” Thus he memorialized to relocate headquarters to Xīnyě, train navies in the two provinces, expand agriculture and increase land cultivation, the granaries filled with accumulated surplus.28
Intercalary Moon in Wú [July 26 - August 23], Wú’s General-in-Chief Zhūgě Jǐn died,29 his years sixty-eight. His Legacy Order specified plain coffin and restraint to seasonal dress, and the attending escort be limited and reduced.30
Previously, Zhūgě Jǐn’s eldest son Zhūgě Kè had fame flourishing in that era, and Sūn Quán was extremely amazed with him. However, Zhūgě Jǐn always doubted him, saying he was not a son to protect the family, always worrying and grieving.31 Zhūgě Kè already had his own fief as a Marquess, and therefore Zhūgě Kè’s younger brother Zhūgě Róng inherited Zhūgě Jǐn’s noble rank and command of the troops stationing Gōng’ān, the division retainers and clerks and servicemen closely attaching to him.32
Previously, Zhūgě Jǐn was Wú’s General-in-Chief, his younger brother Zhūgě Liàng was Shǔ’s Assistant Chancellor, his two sons Zhūgě Kè and Zhūgě Róng both managed soldiers and horses and supervised commanding officers, and his distant younger cousin Zhūgě Dàn also had prominent fame in Wèi. One family in three regions all crowning dominance, Heaven’s Under glorified this. Zhūgě Jǐn’s talent and strategy though did not reach his younger brother’s, but his virtue and conduct was especially pure. When his wife died he did not change to marry another, had a favored concubine who bore children but did not promote her, his sincere caution was all like this.33
Zhūgě Róng appellation Shūzhǎng was born into favor and nobility, when young was yet proud and mirthful, his study of literature was widespread but not refined, his nature was lenient and tolerant, had many talents and skills, and repeatedly in plain headdress attended Court. Later appointed Cavalry Commandant. During Chìwū, various prefectures deployed division squads, Xīndū Commandant Chén Biǎo and Wú prefecture Commandant Gù Chéng each led those they commanded to gather and farm at Pílíng, the men and women each several tens of thousands. When Chén Biǎo died of illness, Sūn Quán had Zhūgě Róng succeed Chén Biǎo. Later he succeeded his father Zhūgě Jǐn’s command.34
Autumn, Eight Moon in Wú [September 23 - October 21], Lù Xùn fortified Zhū.35
Previously, Jiǎng Wǎn believed that Zhūgě Liàng had repeatedly looked to Qínchuān, the roads rugged and transports difficult, and indeed had not been able to succeed, and it was not as good as riding the river east downstream, and so built many boats and ships, wishing to by the Hàn and Miǎn rivers attack Wèixīng and Shàngyōng. It happened his old illness repeatedly recurred, and he did not have time to be able to go. And the multitude of discussions all said that if it did not succeed in victory, the return road was extremely difficult, not a superior strategy. Therefore sent Secretariat Writers Director Fèi Yī and Central Supervisor of the Army Jiāng Wéi and others to explain the Hàn Emperor’s intentions.36
Winter, Tenth Moon in Shǔ [241 November 21 - December 20], Secretariat Writers Director Fèi Yī arrived in Hànzhōng, with Jiǎng Wǎn consulting and discussing affairs and plans, at the year’s end returning.37
Winter, Twelfth Moon in Wèi, Nán’ān prefecture earthquake.38
Dèng Ài appellation Shìzài was a Yìyáng Jíyáng man. When young he lost his father. When Cáo Cāo defeated Jīng Province [in 208], Dèng Ài was relocated to Rǔnán, becoming a farmer raising calves. At twelve years, he accompanied his mother to Yǐngchuān, and read former Tàiqiū Chief Chén Shí’s monument writing saying: ‘Cultured as the world’s example (fàn), conduct for servicemen to imitate (zé).’ Dèng Ài therefore named himself Fàn appellation Shìzé. Later, because in his clan there was someone with the same name, he therefore changed it. Dèng Ài became a Commandant Scholar, but as he stuttered, he did not serve as an assistant, and became a paddy field managing thicket grass clerk. A father of the same prefecture’s clerk pitied Dèng Ài’s family’s poverty, providing supplies extremely generously, Dèng Ài at first did not express thanks. Every time he saw a high mountain or large pool, at once he would plan and judge and finger draw plans for military camp locations, at the time many people laughed at him. Later he became a Managing Agriculture Organizer and Upper Calculations clerk, and took advantage to be sent to meet the then Grand Commandant Sīmǎ Yì. Sīmǎ Yì was impressed with him, and recruited him as a staff official, promoted to Secretariat Writers Cadet.39
At that time, there was a desire to expand farm fields and accumulate grain, to be resources for exterminating rebels. Sent Dèng Ài to travel Chén and Xiàng on east to reach Shòuchūn. Dèng Ài believed: “The farms are good but the water is little, not enough to completely gain the land’s benefit. It is appropriate to open canals. One can draw water for irrigation to greatly amass army provisions, and also connect supply transport ways.” Thus he wrote Jǐ Hé lùn “Discourse on the Jǐ and Hé rivers” to explain his directions. He also believed: “In the past the defeat of the Yellow Scarves was because of the Garrison-Farms, accumulating grain at Xǔ capital to control the Four Quarters. Now three corners are already settled, the problem is at Huáinán [“south of the Huái river”]. Every time the main army goes on campaign, the transport soldiers are over half, the labor costs tremendously uncountable, becoming a large conscription. Between Chén and Cài the lands make good farms, and one can abolish the various paddy fields left and right of Xǔchāng to merge the waters to go east downstream. Have Huáiběi [“north of the Huái river”] garrison twenty thousand people, Huáinán thirty thousand, two out of ten resting shifts to always have forty thousand people, both farm and defending. The water abundance is always collected as three times the west, the calculated elimination of numerous costs in one year will preserve five million hú for army supplies. Within six to seven years, one can accumulate thirty million hú above the Huái. This then for multitudes of a hundred thousand is five years of food. With this to deal with Wú, there will be no going without success.” Sīmǎ Yì praised it, and therefore it was all put into effect.40
That year, Zhèngshǐ Second Year [241], opened the Guǎngcáo “Wide Channel” Canal. Every time the southeast had affairs, the main army would raise multitudes and float on ships to go downstream, reaching to the Jiāng and Huái. Supplying food and having reserves and being without flood damages, was by Dèng Ài established.41
Previously, Guǎn Níng had fled the chaos by going east to Liáodōng.42 When the central states gradually calmed, the refugees all returned, only Guǎn Níng was at ease as if he would remain to the end. In Huángchū Fourth Year [223], Imperial Order had the Excellencies and Ministers each nominate a solitary gentleman, and Excellency over the Masses Huà Xīn recommended Guǎn Níng, and the Emperor Wén Cáo Pī summoned him.43
At that time when Gōngsūn Kāng died, his wife-born son was not established but his younger brother Gōngsūn Gōng was established, Gōngsūn Gōng was timid and week, and Gōngsūn Kāng’s concubine-born son Gōngsūn Yuān had significant talent. Guǎn Níng said: “Discarding the wife-born and enthroning the concubine-born, subordinates having disloyal hearts, chaos from this arises.” Therefore he led his family and dependents to sail the sea to accept the summons. Guǎn Níng was in Liáodōng for thirty-seven years. Afterward, Gōngsūn Yuān indeed attacked and seized Gōngsūn Gōng’s position, rebelled against Wèi and to the south joined with Wú, usurped title to declare himself King, Wèi Emperor Míng Cáo Ruì sent Sīmǎ Yì to campaign and exterminate him [in 238], and in Liáodōng the dead were in the tens of thousands, as Guǎn Níng had predicted.
During Guǎn Níng’s return journey [in 224], in the middle of the sea they encountered violent wind, the ships were all drowned, only Guǎn Níng’s ship was at ease. At the time the night was windy and dark, the ship’s people completely confused, none knowing where to moor. Looking out they saw a fire light, at once went toward it, finding an island. The island was without inhabitants, and also no fire ashes, the travelers were all amazed, believing it a blessing of divine light.
Húangfǔ Mì states: It was in answer to accumulated goodness.44
Later, during the reign of Cáo Ruì, Grand Commandant Huà Xīn requested to abdicate his position to Guǎn Níng,45 and Excellency of Works Chén Qún also recommended Guǎn Níng for office.46 Guǎn Níng claimed illness to decline recruitment.47 From Huángchū [220 - 226] reaching to Qīnglóng [233 - 237], the recruitment summons were frequent, always in the Eighth Moon bestowing on him oxen and alcohol.48
From when Guǎn Níng crossed the sea to Liáodōng and then returned, he always sat on one wooden couch, altogether for over fifty years, never once opening legs to sit on rump, the top of the couch where his knees were placed were all worn through.49
That year, Zhèngshǐ Second Year [241], Minister Charioteer Táo Qiuȳī, Yǒngníng Minister of the Guard Mèng Guàn, Attendant Internal Sūn Yōng, and Central Writers Attendant Cadet Wáng Jī again recommended Guǎn Níng for office.50
Therefore specially prepared a Tranquil Chariot with Leafed Wheels, bundled silk and applied jade ring gifts. It happened that Guǎn Níng died, at the time his years eighty-four. Appointed his son Guǎn Miǎo as a Cadet Internal, later became an Academic Scholar.
Previously, Guǎn Níng’s wife had before him died, and knowing his old friends would encourage him to marry again, Guǎn Níng said: “Every time examining the words of Zēng-zǐ and Wáng Jùn, my thoughts always commend it, how can I when personally encountering it yet violate original heart?”51
Fù Xuán states: In the time of decline and chaos, in the world many rashly changed their clans, violating the regulations of the sages, disobeying the meanings of ritual mandates on surnames, and therefore Guǎn Níng wrote Shì Xìng lùn “Discourse on Clan and Surnames” on the original roots of lineages. Everywhere he resided, of his marriage relations, old friends, and neighbors if there were any in poverty, even if his own family did not have surplus of more than a dàn or shí, he would certainly share it to support and rescue them. When speaking with someone’s son, he would instruct them with filial piety. When speaking with someone’s younger brother, he would teach them with fraternal duty. When speaking with someone’s servant, he would educate them with loyalty. His appearance was extremely deferential, his words extremely obedient, observing his conduct, it was profound as if it could not be reached, approaching it was shining and bright, extremely soft and yet warm, taking advantage of service to yet guide them by goodness, therefore of those he imbued none were not transformed. At Guǎn Níng’s death, Heaven’s Under those who knew informed those who did not know, on hearing of it none did not sigh, the emotional moving of his pure virtue was like this. Was it not the utmost?52
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》四年春正月，大雪，平地深三尺，鳥獸死者大半。
《陳壽·魏志四·齊王紀》二年春二月，帝初通論語，使太常以太牢祭孔子於辟雍，以顏淵配。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》夏四月，遣衛將軍全琮略淮南，決芍陂，燒安城邸閣，收其人民。威北將軍諸葛恪攻六安。琮與魏將王淩戰于芍陂，中郎將秦晃等十餘人戰死。車騎將軍朱然圍樊，大將軍諸葛瑾取柤中。
《陳壽·魏志二十八·王淩傳》正始初，為征東將軍，假節都督揚州諸軍事。二年，吳大將全琮數萬眾寇芍陂，淩率諸軍逆討，與賊爭塘，力戰連日，賊退走。進封南鄉侯，邑千三百五十戶，遷車騎將軍、儀同三司。
《陳壽·魏志二十四·孫禮傳》孫禮字德達，涿郡容城人也。太祖平幽州，召為司空軍謀掾。初喪亂時，禮與母相失，同郡馬台求得禮母，禮推家財盡以與台。台後坐法當死，禮私導令踰獄自首，既而曰：「臣無逃亡之義。」徑詣刺奸主簿溫恢。恢嘉之，具白太祖，各減死一等。後除河間郡丞，稍遷滎陽都尉。魯山中賊數百人，保固險阻，為民作害；乃徙禮為魯相。禮至官，出俸穀，發吏民，募首級，招納降附，使還為閒，應時平泰。歷山陽、平原、平昌、琅邪太守。從大司馬曹休征吳於夾石，禮諫以為不可深入，不從而敗。遷陽平太守，入為尚書。明帝方修宮室，而節氣不和，天下少穀。禮固爭，罷役，詔曰：「敬納讜言，促遣民作。」時李惠監作，復奏留一月，有所成訖。禮徑至作所，不復重奏，稱詔罷民，帝奇其意而不責也。
《陳壽·魏志二十四·孫禮傳》帝獵於大石山，虎趨乘輿，禮便投鞭下馬，欲奮劍斫虎，詔令禮上馬。
《陳壽·魏志二十四·孫禮傳》明帝臨崩之時，以曹爽為大將軍，宜得良佐，於床下受遺詔，拜禮大將軍長史，加散騎常侍。禮亮直不撓，爽弗便也，以為揚州刺史，加伏波將軍，賜爵關內侯。吳大將全琮帥數萬眾來侵寇，時州兵休使，在者無幾。禮躬勒衛兵禦之，戰於芍陂，自旦及暮，將士死傷過半。禮犯蹈白刃，馬被數創，手秉枹鼓，奮不顧身，賊眾乃退。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》漢晉春秋曰：零陵太守殷禮言於權曰：「今天棄曹氏，喪誅累見，虎爭之際而幼童蒞事。陛下身自御戎，取亂侮亡，宜滌荊、揚之地，舉彊羸之數，使彊者執戟，羸者轉運，西命益州軍于隴右，授諸葛瑾、朱然大眾，指事襄陽、陸遜、朱桓別征壽春，大駕入淮陽，歷青、徐。襄陽、壽春困於受敵，長安以西務對蜀軍，許、洛之眾勢必分離；掎角瓦解，民必內應，將帥對向，或失便宜；一軍敗績，則三軍離心，便當秣馬脂車，陵蹈城邑，乘勝逐北，以定華夏。若不悉軍動眾，循前輕舉，則不足大用，易於屢退。民疲威消，時往力竭，非出兵之策也。」權弗能用之。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》五月，太子登卒。
《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》立凡二十一年，年三十三卒。臨終，上疏曰：「臣以無狀，嬰抱篤疾，自省微劣，懼卒隕斃。臣不自惜，念當委離供養，埋胔后土，長不復奉望宮省，朝覲日月，生無益於國，死貽陛下重慼，以此為哽結耳。臣聞死生有命，長短自天，周晉、顏回有上智之才，而尚夭折，況臣愚陋，年過其壽，生為國嗣，沒享榮祚，於臣已多，亦何悲恨哉！方今大事未定，逋寇未討，萬國喁喁，係命陛下，危者望安，亂者仰治。願陛下棄忘臣身，割下流之恩，修黃老之術，篤養神光，加羞珍膳，廣開神明之慮，以定無窮之業，則率土幸賴，臣死無恨也。皇子和仁孝聰哲，德行清茂，宜早建置，以繫民望。諸葛恪才略博達，器任佐時。張休、顧譚、謝景，皆通敏有識斷，入宜委腹心，出可為爪牙。范慎、華融矯矯壯節，有國士之風。羊茞辯捷，有專對之材。刁玄優弘，志履道真。裴欽博記，翰采足用。蔣脩、虞翻，志節分明。凡此諸臣，或宜廊廟，或任將帥，皆練時事，明習法令，守信固義，有不可奪之志。此皆陛下日月所照，選置臣官，得與從事，備知情素，敢以陳聞。臣重惟當今方外多虞，師旅未休，當厲六軍，以圖進取。軍以人為眾，眾以財為寶，竊聞郡縣頗有荒殘，民物凋弊，姦亂萌生，是以法令繁滋，刑辟重切。臣聞為政聽民，律令與時推移，誠宜與將相大臣詳擇時宜，博采眾議，寬刑輕賦，均息力役，以順民望。陸遜忠勤於時，出身憂國，謇謇在公，有匪躬之節。諸葛瑾、步騭、朱然、全琮、朱據、呂岱、吾粲、闞澤、嚴畯、張承、孫怡忠於為國，通達治體。可令陳上便宜，蠲除苛煩，愛養士馬，撫循百姓。五年之外，十年之內，遠者歸復，近者盡力，兵不血刃，而大事可定也。臣聞『鳥之將死其鳴也哀，人之將死其言也善』，故子囊臨終，遺言戒時，君子以為忠，豈況臣登，其能已乎？願陛下留意聽采，臣雖死之日，猶生之年也。」既絕而後書聞，權益以摧感，言則隕涕。是歲，赤烏四年也。
《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》謝景時為豫章太守，不勝哀情，棄官奔赴，拜表自劾。權曰：「君與太子從事，異於他吏。」使中使慰勞，聽復本職，發遣還郡。
《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》謝景者字叔發，南陽宛人。在郡有治跡，吏民稱之，以為前有顧劭，其次即景。數年卒官。
《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》諡登曰宣太子。
《逸周書·謚法》善聞周達曰宣。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》吳書曰：初葬句容，置園邑，奉守如法，後三年改葬蔣陵。
《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》子璠、希，皆早卒，次子英，封吳侯。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志四·齊王紀》干寶晉紀曰：吳將全琮寇芍陂，朱然、孫倫五萬人圍樊城，諸葛瑾、步騭寇柤中。
《陳壽·魏志四·齊王紀》夏五月，吳將朱然等圍襄陽之樊城，太傅司馬宣王率眾拒之。
《陳壽·魏志二十八·王淩傳》正始初，為征東將軍，假節都督揚州諸軍事。二年，吳大將全琮數萬眾寇芍陂，淩率諸軍逆討，與賊爭塘，力戰連日，賊退走。
《陳壽·魏志四·齊王紀》己卯，以征東將軍王淩為車騎將軍。
《陳壽·魏志二十八·王淩傳》進封南鄉侯，邑千三百五十戶，遷車騎將軍、儀同三司。
《陳壽·魏志二十四·孫禮傳》禮躬勒衛兵禦之，戰於芍陂，自旦及暮，將士死傷過半。禮犯蹈白刃，馬被數創，手秉枹鼓，奮不顧身，賊眾乃退。詔書慰勞，賜絹七百匹。禮為死事者設祀哭臨，哀號發心，皆以絹付亡者家，無以入身。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志四·齊王紀》干寶晉紀曰：吳將全琮寇芍陂，朱然、孫倫五萬人圍樊城，諸葛瑾、步騭寇柤中；琮已破走而樊圍急。宣王曰：「柤中民夷十萬，隔在水南，流離無主，樊城被攻，歷月不解，此危事也，請自討之。」議者咸言：「賊遠圍樊城不可拔，挫于堅城之下，有自破之勢，宜長策以御之。」宣王曰：「軍志有之：將能而御之，此為縻軍；不能而任之，此為覆軍。今疆埸騷動，民心疑惑，是社稷之大憂也。」六月，督諸軍南征，車駕送津陽城門外。宣王以南方暑溼，不宜持久，使輕騎挑之，然不敢動。於是乃令諸軍休息洗沐，簡精銳，募先登，申號令，示必攻之勢。然等聞之，乃夜遁。追至三州口，大殺獲。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》是月，魏太傅司馬宣王救樊。六月，軍還。
《陳壽·魏志四·齊王紀》六月辛丑，退。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志四·齊王紀》干寶晉紀曰：吳將全琮寇芍陂，朱然、孫倫五萬人圍樊城，諸葛瑾、步騭寇柤中；琮已破走而樊圍急。宣王曰：「柤中民夷十萬，隔在水南，流離無主，樊城被攻，歷月不解，此危事也，請自討之。」議者咸言：「賊遠圍樊城不可拔，挫于堅城之下，有自破之勢，宜長策以御之。」宣王曰：「軍志有之：將能而御之，此為縻軍；不能而任之，此為覆軍。今疆埸騷動，民心疑惑，是社稷之大憂也。」六月，督諸軍南征，車駕送津陽城門外。宣王以南方暑溼，不宜持久，使輕騎挑之，然不敢動。於是乃令諸軍休息洗沐，簡精銳，募先登，申號令，示必攻之勢。然等聞之，乃夜遁。追至三州口，大殺獲。
《陳壽·魏志十五·張既傳》魏略曰：儒字俊林，夏侯尚從弟。初為鄢陵侯彰驍騎司馬，（宣王）〔囗囗〕為征南將軍、都督荊、豫州。正始二年，朱然圍樊城，城中守將乙修等求救甚急。儒進屯鄧塞，以兵少不敢進，但作鼓吹，設導從，去然六七里，翱翔而還，使修等遙見之，數數如是。月餘，及太傅到，乃俱進，然等走。時謂儒為怯，或以為曉以少疑眾，得聲救之宜。儒猶以此召還，為太僕。
《陳壽·魏志二十七·王昶傳》正始中，轉在徐州，封武觀亭侯，遷征南將軍，假節都督荊、豫諸軍事。昶以為國有常眾，戰無常勝；地有常險，守無常勢。今屯宛，去襄陽三百餘里，諸軍散屯，船在宣池，有急不足相赴，乃表徙治新野，習水軍于二州，廣農墾殖，倉穀盈積。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》閏月，大將軍瑾卒。
《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》赤烏四年，年六十八卒，遺命令素棺斂以時服，事從省約。
《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》瑾子恪，名盛當世，權深器異之；然瑾常嫌之，謂非保家之子，每以憂戚。
《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》恪已自封侯，故弟融襲爵，攝兵業駐公安，部曲吏士親附之。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》吳書曰：初，瑾為大將軍，而弟亮為蜀丞相，二子恪、融皆典戎馬，督領將帥，族弟誕又顯名於魏，一門三方為冠蓋，天下榮之。謹才略雖不及弟，而德行尤純。妻死不改娶，有所愛妾，生子不舉，其篤慎皆如此。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》吳書曰：融字叔長，生於寵貴，少而驕樂，學為章句，博而不精，性寬容，多技藝，數以巾褐奉朝請，後拜騎都尉。赤烏中，諸郡出部伍，新都都尉陳表、吳郡都尉顧承各率所領人會佃毗陵，男女各數萬口。表病死，權以融代表，後代父瑾領攝。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》秋八月，陸遜城邾。
《陳壽·蜀十四·蔣琬傳》琬以為昔諸葛亮數闚秦川，道險運艱，竟不能克，不若乘水東下。乃多作舟船，欲由漢，沔襲魏興、上庸。會舊疾連動，未時得行。而眾論咸謂如不克捷，還路甚難，非長策也。於是遣尚書令費禕、中監軍姜維等喻指。
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》四年冬十月，尚書令費禕至漢中，與蔣琬諮論事計，歲盡還。
《陳壽·魏志四·齊王紀》冬十二月，南安郡地震。
《陳壽·魏志二十八·鄧艾傳》鄧艾字士載，義陽棘陽人也。少孤，太祖破荊州，徙汝南，為農民養犢。年十二，隨母至潁川，讀故太丘長陳寔碑文，言「文為世範，行為士則」，艾遂自名範，字士則。後宗族有與同者，故改焉。為都尉學士，以口吃，不得作幹佐。為稻田守叢草吏。同郡吏父憐其家貧，資給甚厚，艾初不稱謝。每見高山大澤，輒規度指畫軍營處所，時人多笑焉。後為典農綱紀，上計吏，因使見太尉司馬宣王。宣王奇之，辟之為掾，遷尚書郎。
《陳壽·魏志二十八·鄧艾傳》時欲廣田畜穀，為滅賊資，使艾行陳、項已東至壽春。艾以為「田良水少，不足以盡地利，宜開河渠，可以引水澆溉，大積軍糧，又通運漕之道。」乃著濟河論以喻其指。又以為「昔破黃巾，因為屯田，積穀于許都以制四方。今三隅已定，事在淮南，每大軍征舉，運兵過半，功費巨億，以為大役。陳、蔡之間，土下田良，可省許昌左右諸稻田，并水東下。令淮北屯二萬人，淮南三萬人，十二分休，常有四萬人，且田且守。水豐常收三倍於西，計除眾費，歲完五百萬斛以為軍資。六七年間，可積三千萬斛於淮上，此則十萬之眾五年食也。以此乘吳，無往而不克矣。」宣王善之，事皆施行。
《陳壽·魏志二十八·鄧艾傳》正始二年，乃開廣漕渠，每東南有事，大軍興眾，汎舟而下，達于江、淮，資食有儲而無水害，艾所建也。
《陳壽·魏志十一·管寧傳》天下大亂，聞公孫度令行於海外，遂與原及平原王烈等至于遼東。
《陳壽·魏志十一·管寧傳》中國少安，客人皆還，唯寧晏然若將終焉。黃初四年，詔公卿舉獨行君子，司徒華歆薦寧。文帝即位，徵寧，遂將家屬浮海還郡，公孫恭送之南郊，加贈服物。
裴松之注《陳壽·蜀十一·管寧傳》傅子曰：是時康又已死，嫡子不立而立弟恭，恭懦弱，而康孽子淵有雋才。寧曰：「廢嫡立庶，下有異心，亂之所由起也。」乃將家屬乘海即受徵。寧在遼東，積三十七年乃歸，其後淵果襲奪恭位，叛國家而南連吳，僭號稱王，明帝使相國宣文侯征滅之。遼東之死者以萬計，如寧所籌。寧之歸也，海中遇暴風，船皆沒，唯寧乘船自若。時夜風晦冥，船人盡惑，莫知所泊。望見有火光，輒趣之，得島。島無居人，又無火燼，行人咸異焉，以為神光之祐也。皇甫謐曰：「積善之應也。」
《陳壽·魏志十一·管寧傳》明帝即位，太尉華歆遜位讓寧。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志十一·管寧傳》傅子曰：司空陳群又薦寧曰：「臣聞王者顯善以消惡，故湯舉伊尹，不仁者遠。伏見徵士北海管寧，行為世表，學任人師，清儉足以激濁，貞正足以矯時。前雖徵命，禮未優備。昔司空荀爽，家拜光祿，先儒鄭玄，即授司農，若加備禮，庶必可致。至延西序，坐而論道，必能昭明古今，有益大化。」
《陳壽·魏志十一·管寧傳》寧稱草莽臣上疏曰：「臣海濱孤微，罷農無伍，祿運幸厚。橫蒙陛下纂承洪緒，德侔三皇。化溢有唐。久荷渥澤，積祀一紀，不能仰答陛下恩養之福。沈委篤痾，寢疾彌留，逋違臣隸顛倒之節，夙宵戰怖，無地自厝。臣元年十一月被公車司馬令所下州郡，八月甲申詔書徵臣，更賜安車、衣被、茵蓐，以禮發遣，光寵並臻，優命屢至，怔營竦息，悼心失圖。思自陳聞，申展愚情，而明詔抑割，不令稍脩章表，是以鬱滯，訖于今日。誠謂乾覆，恩有紀極，不意靈潤，彌以隆赫。奉今年二月被州郡所下三年十二月辛酉詔書，重賜安車、衣服，別駕從事與郡功曹以禮發遣，又特被璽書，以臣為光祿勳，躬秉勞謙，引喻周、秦，損上益下。受詔之日，精魄飛散，靡所投死。臣重自省揆，德非園、綺而蒙安車之榮，功無竇融而蒙璽封之寵，楶梲駑下，荷棟梁之任，垂沒之命，獲九棘之位，懼有朱博鼓妖之眚。又年疾日侵，有加無損，不任扶輿進路以塞元責。望慕閶闔，徘徊闕庭，謹拜章陳情，乞蒙哀省，抑恩聽放，無令骸骨填于衢路。」
《陳壽·魏志十一·管寧傳》自黃初至于青龍，徵命相仍，常以八月賜牛酒。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志十一·管寧傳》高士傳曰：管寧自越海及歸，常坐一木榻，積五十餘年，未嘗箕股，其榻上當膝處皆穿。
《陳壽·魏志十一·管寧傳》正始二年，太僕陶丘一、永寧衛尉孟觀、侍中孫邕、中書侍郎王基薦寧曰：臣聞龍鳳隱耀，應德而臻，明哲潛遁，俟時而動。是以鸞鷟鳴岐，周道隆興，四皓為佐，漢帝用康。伏見太中大夫管寧，應二儀之中和，總九德之純懿，含章素質，冰絜淵清，玄虛澹泊，與道逍遙；娛心黃老，游志六藝，升堂入室，究其閫奧，韜古今於胸懷，包道德之機要。中平之際，黃巾陸梁，華夏傾蕩，王綱弛頓。遂避時難，乘桴越海，羈旅遼東三十餘年。在乾之姤，匿景藏光，嘉遁養浩，韜韞儒墨，潛化傍流，暢于殊俗。黃初四年，高祖文皇帝疇諮群公，思求雋乂，故司徒華歆舉寧應選，公車特徵，振翼遐裔，翻然來翔。行遇屯厄，遭罹疾病，即拜太中大夫。烈祖明皇帝嘉美其德，登為光祿勳。寧疾彌留，未能進道。今寧舊疾已瘳，行年八十，志無衰倦。環堵篳門，偃息窮巷，飯鬻餬口，并日而食，吟詠詩書，不改其樂。困而能通，遭難必濟，經危蹈險，不易其節，金聲玉色，久而彌彰。揆其終始，殆天所祚，當贊大魏，輔亮雍熙。兗職有闕，群下屬望。昔高宗刻象，營求賢哲，周文啟龜，以卜良佐。況寧前朝所表，名德已著，而久棲遲，未時引致，非所以奉遵明訓，繼成前志也。陛下踐阼，纂承洪緒。聖敬日躋，超越周成。每發德音，動諮師傅。若繼二祖招賢故典，賓禮雋邁，以廣緝熙，濟濟之化，侔于前代。寧清高恬泊，擬跡前軌，德行卓絕，海內無偶。歷觀前世玉帛所命，申公、枚乘、周黨、樊英之儔，測其淵源，覽其清濁，未有厲俗獨行若寧者也。誠宜束帛加璧，備禮徵聘，仍授几杖，延登東序，敷陳墳素，坐而論道，上正璇璣，協和皇極，下阜群生，彝倫攸敘，必有可觀，光益大化。若寧固執匪石，守志箕山，追跡洪崖，參蹤巢、許。斯亦聖朝同符唐、虞，優賢揚歷，垂聲千載。雖出處殊塗，俯仰異體，至於興治美俗，其揆一也。
《陳壽·魏志十一·管寧傳》於是特具安車蒲輪，束帛加璧聘焉。會寧卒，時年八十四。拜子邈郎中，後為博士。初，寧妻先卒，知故勸更娶，寧曰：「每省曾子、王駿之言，意常嘉之，豈自遭之而違本心哉？」
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志十一·管寧傳》傅子曰：寧以衰亂之時，世多妄變氏族者，違聖人之制，非禮命姓之意，故著氏姓論以原本世系，文多不載。每所居姻親、知舊、鄰里有困窮者，家儲雖不盈擔石，必分以贍救之。與人子言，教以孝；與人弟言，訓以悌；言及人臣，誨以忠。貌甚恭，言甚順，觀其行，邈然若不可及，即之熙熙然，甚柔而溫，因其事而導之於善，是以漸之者無不化焉。寧之亡，天下知與不知，聞之無不嗟歎。醇德之所感若此，不亦至乎！