[234] Qīnglóng 2/Jiànxīng 12/Jiāhé 3, Part 2
234 AD, Zhūgě Liàng Departs, Zhūgě Kè's Career Begins
Autumn, Eighth Moon in Shǔ [September 11 - October 10], Zhūgě Liàng died at Wèibīn,1 at the time his years fifty-four.2
Previously, there was a star, red and shining bright, from the northeast to the southwest flowing, passing by Zhūgě Liàng’s camp, three times passing and twice returning, large when going and small when returning. Very soon after Zhūgě Liàng died.3
Previously, when Zhūgě Liàng’s illness was serious, he secretly met with his Chief Clerk Yáng Yí, Major Fèi Yī, Protector of the Army Jiāng Wéi and others to make regulations for the army to retreat after his death, having Wèi Yán hold the rear, Jiāng Wéi next in the sequence. If Wèi Yán perhaps did not follow orders, the army was to then leave on its own.4
Previously, every time Wèi Yán accompanied Zhūgě Liàng in setting out, he at once wished to request troops of ten thousand men to with Zhūgě Liàng take a different road to meet at Tóngguān, like the example of Hán Xìn. Zhūgě Liàng restrained and would not permit him. Wèi Yán always said Zhūgě Liàng was timid, and sighed in regret that his own talent was not exhaustively employed. Wèi Yán excelled at raising soldiers and also had valor and fierceness surpassing others, and also by nature was boastful and proud, at the time all avoided and deferred to him. Only Yáng Yí did not tolerate Wèi Yán, Wèi Yán because of this was extremely angry, they were like water and fire.5 Every time they sat together they fiercely argued, Wèi Yán sometimes raising blade to threaten Yáng Yí, Yáng Yí shedding tears unrestrained. Fèi Yī always entered between their seats, remonstrating to separate them. To the end of Zhūgě Liàng’s time, that he was able to employ both Wèi Yán and Yáng Yí, was due to Fèi Yī’s strength in rectifying and assisting.6
That year, when Zhūgě Liàng set out north through the valley, Wèi Yán was the front line. After setting out from Zhūgě Liàng’s camp by ten lǐ, Wèi Yán dreamed of a horn growing atop his head, and asked the dream diviner Zhào Zhí about it. Zhào Zhí lied to Wèi Yán saying: “A unicorn has a horn it does not use, this is a sign of wishing that without battling the rebels will on their own be defeated.” Zhào Zhí withdrew and told someone: “The word ‘horn’ (角) is a ‘knife’ (刀) and below it is ‘use’ (用). Above the head using knife, it is extremely inauspicious.”7
When Zhūgě Liàng died, it was kept secret and mourning not started. Yáng Yí had Fèi Yī go check on Wèi Yán’s intentions. Wèi Yán said: “Though the Assistant Chancellor is gone, I myself am still here. The office intimates and associates can lead the body back for burial, I personally will lead the various armies to strike the rebels. How can we for the death of one man abandon the task of Heaven’s Under? Moreover, [I] Wèi Yán am what man to be subordinated to Yáng Yí, and be the officer holding the rear?” Therefore he with Fèi Yī together made divisions on who would go and who would stay, having Fèi Yī hand write letter and signing his own name, to report down to the various officers. Fèi Yī deceived Wèi Yán saying: “I will on your behalf return to explain to Chief Clerk Yáng. The Chief Clerk is a civil official, inexperienced in military affairs, and certainly will not violate orders.” Fèi Yī went out the gates and galloped horse to leave. Wèi Yán was regretful and pursued him but it was already too late. Wèi Yán sent someone to spy on Yáng Yí and the rest, and therefore learned they wished to follow Zhūgě Liàng’s established procedures for the various camps to in order withdraw the army and return. Wèi Yán was greatly furious and taking advantage that Yáng Yí had not yet set out, led those he commanded to directly in advance return south, wherever they passed they burned and cut off the galley roads. Wèi Yán and Yáng Yí each memorialized accusing the other of rebelling. Within the same day, the feather dispatches arrived. The Hàn Emperor in Shǔ Liú Shàn asked Attendant Internal Dǒng Yǔn and Remaining Office Chief Clerk Jiǎng Wǎn about it, Jiǎng Wǎn and Dǒng Yǔn both supported Yáng Yí and doubted Wèi Yán.8
Campaigning West General-in-Chief Wèi Yán and Assistant Chancellor’s Chief Clerk Yáng Yí fought over authority and were not harmonious, and raised troops to attack each other.9 Yáng Yí and the rest cut through the mountains to connect roads, day and night on double march, also connecting to Wèi Yán’s rear. Wèi Yán first arrived, occupying the south valley mouth, sending troops to oppose and strike Yáng Yí and the rest. Yáng Yí and the rest ordered Hé Píng (Wáng Píng) at the front to resist Wèi Yán. Hé Píng shouted at Wèi Yán’s front line saying: “His Excellency [Zhūgě Liàng] is gone, the body not yet cold, how dare you all be like this!” Wèi Yán’s troops and multitudes knew the wrong was on Wèi Yán, none were willing to follow his commands, and the army all scattered. Wèi Yán alone with his sons of several men fled away, fleeing to Hànzhōng. Yáng Yí sent Mǎ Dài to pursue and beheaded them, sending the heads to Yáng Yí. Yáng Yí rose and personally stepped on Wèi Yán’s head saying: “Common slave, are you able to again do evil or not?” Therefore exterminated Wèi Yán’s three clans. Previously, Jiǎng Wǎn led the Residential Guard of several camps to go north, had gone several tens of lǐ, report of Wèi Yán’s death arrived, and so he turned back.10
When Yáng Yí and the rest had organized the army and set out, the Hundred Surnames hurried to report to Sīmǎ Yì, and Sīmǎ Yì pursued them. Jiāng Wéi had Yáng Yí turn the flags and trumpet and drum, as if about to head toward Sīmǎ Yì, Sīmǎ Yì thus retreated, not daring pressure them. Therefore Yáng Yí reunited the battle lines together and left, entering the valley and only afterward beginning mourning for Zhūgě Liàng. For Sīmǎ Yì’s retreat, the Hundred Surnames made a proverb saying: “A dead Zhūgě scares away a living Zhòngdá.” Someone reported this to Sīmǎ Yì. Sīmǎ Yì said: “I am able to anticipate the leaving, not anticipate the dead.”11
After the Shǔ army had retreated, Sīmǎ Yì went to inspect the location of their army camp, and said: “Heaven’s Under’s exceptional genius!”12
After Zhūgě Liàng died and the Shǔ army withdrew, Xīn Pí returned to the Wèi Court as Minister of the Guard. Later, he died, posthumous name Marquess Sù. His son Xīn Chǎng succeeded.13
Firm virtue reaching success is called Sù (“Solemn”).14
Having cut off Wèi Yán’s head, Yáng Yí led the various armies back to Chéngdū. Great Amnesty. Appointed Left General Wú Yī as Chariots and Cavalry General, Lent Staff as Commander of Hànzhōng. Appointed Assistant Chancellor’s Remaining Office Chief Clerk Jiǎng Wǎn as Secretariat Writers Director to preside and manage state affairs.15 Wèi Yán in one battle being defeated was Wáng Píng’s achievement. He was promoted to Rear Organizer of the Army, Securing Hàn General, second to Chariots and Cavalry General Wú Yī in stationing Hànzhōng, also designated Hànzhōng Administrator.16
Yáng Yí had led the army back and also executed Wèi Yán, and himself believed his achievements and accomplishments were the largest, and he should succeed Zhūgě Liàng in managing the government, and called on Commandant Zhào Zhèng to use the Zhōu Yì to divine it. The obtained hexagram was Jiā Rén. Yáng Yí was silent and displeased. While Zhūgě Liàng was alive, his secret opinion believed Yáng Yí’s nature was impetuous and narrow-minded, his intentions were on Jiǎng Wǎn, and Jiǎng Wǎn therefore became Secretariat Writers Director and Yì Province Inspector. Yáng Yí arrived and was appointed Central Army Preceptor, without any command, following appearances and nothing more.17
Zhōu Yì, Jiā Rén (“family person,” “house servant”) states: Beneficial to women dependability.18
Tuán commentary: Jiā Rén “Family People,” the female correct position is inside, the male correct position is outside. Male and female correct, is the great relationship of Heaven and Earth. Jiā Rén having strict ruler is speaking of father and mother. Fathers father, sons are as sons, elder brothers are elder brotherly, younger brothers are younger brotherly, husbands husband, wives are wifely, and family ways are correct. Correct family and Heaven’s Under is settled.19
Xiàng commentary: Wind from Fire produced, Jiā Rén. The gentleman by speech has substance, but by conduct has constancy.20
Zhūgě Liàng legacy mandated burial at Hànzhōng’s Dìngjūn mountain, using the mountain as the tomb, the burial mound to be just enough to contain the coffin, restrained to seasonal clothes, no storing of equipment or items.
Imperial Order tally said: “You embodied and supplied the civil and military, enlightened perception sincere and true, received legacy command to be entrusted with the orphan, to rectify and assist Our person, continuing what was cut off and raising what was declined, ambition on quieting the chaos; thus you organized the Six Brigades, without a year of not campaigning, divine martial power radiant, authority subduing the Eight Directions, about to establish unique achievement for Jì Hàn, comparable to the tremendous accomplishments of Yī [Yǐn] and Zhōu [gōng]. Why was there such a misfortune, that when the matter was about to be settled, unexpectedly you encountered illness and perished! We are wounded and grieved, liver and heart as if splitting apart. The esteeming of virtue and ordering of achievement, recording of conduct and mandating of posthumous name, is the way to radiate and shine to the yet to come, to lay out and convey without decay. Now send Envoy Wielding Staff Left Internal Cadet General Dù Qióng, to bequeath on you the Assistant Chancellor’s and Marquess of Wǔxiāng’s seal and ribbon, posthumous name on you as Marquess Zhōng-Wǔ [“Loyal and Martial”]. The soul yet with awareness, celebrate this favor and glory. Alas the tragedy! Alas the tragedy!”21
Endangering self to serve superiors is called Zhōng (“Loyal”).22 Grand ambitions and much exhaustion is called Wǔ (“Martial”).23
Previously, Lǐ Miǎo appellation Hànnán in Liú Zhāng’s time was Niúbǐng Chief. When Liú Bèi was designated Governor, Lǐ Miǎo was an Attending Official. On New Year’s Morning he was mandated to pass out the liquor, was able to advance to meet, and reproached Liú Bèi saying: “Rousing Authority [Liú Zhāng] because you General were of the Imperial Clan lungs and organs, entrusted you to suppress rebels, the original achievement was not enacted, he was first attacked and exterminated. [I, Lǐ] Miǎo believe that the General’s capturing of this humble province, extremely was not appropriate.” Liú Bèi said: “Knowing it was not appropriate, why did you not assist him?” Lǐ Miǎo said: “It was not from lack of daring, it was only my strength was not enough.” Managers were about to kill Lǐ Miǎo, Zhūgě Liàng pleaded for him, and he obtained escape. After a long time he became Qiánwèi Administrator, Assistant Chancellor’s Advisor to the Army, Securing Hàn General.
Jiànxīng Sixth Year [228], Zhūgě Liàng went on western campaign, Mǎ Sù was at the front and utterly defeated, and Zhūgě Liàng was about to kill him. Lǐ Miǎo remonstrated believing: “Qín pardoned Mèngmíng, employing him to dominate the Xīróng. Chǔ executed Zǐyù, and in the second generation could not fight.” Having opposed Zhūgě Liàng’s intentions he was sent back to Shǔ.
Jiànxīng Twelfth Year [234], Zhūgě Liàng died, Liú Shàn in mourning clothes held mourning for three days. Lǐ Miǎo sent up memorial that said: “Lǚ Lù and Huò Yǔ did not necessarily harbor rebellious hearts, Xiào-Xuān was not a lord that enjoyed killing ministers; it was only because the ministers feared the pressure, the ruler feared the prestige, and therefore treachery sprouted and grew. [Zhūgě] Liàng personally wielded strong troops, a wolf looking back and a tiger glaring. ‘The five greats are not to be at the border,’ Your Servant always feared this. Now that Zhūgě Liàng is dead and gone, probably his clan has obtained security, the Xīróng quiet and rest, large and small will celebrate.” Liú Shàn was angry, sent him down to prison and executed him.24
Previously, Zhūgě Liàng had personally memorialized to the Hàn Emperor in Shǔ, Liú Shàn, stating: “At Chéngdū I have mulberries of eight hundred trees, barren farmland of fifteen qǐng; my younger clansmen’s clothes and food are already in abundance. As for Your Servant being in an outside appointment, there is nothing else to be provided for. The clothes and food on my person are all provided by the government office, with no separate managed business to increase it by a chǐ or cùn. On the day of Your Servant’s death, the inside will not have excess silk and the outside will not have surplus wealth, to thus fail Your Majesty.” At his death, it was as he said.25
Zhūgě Liàng by nature excelled in innovative thinking, modified the repeating crossbow, the wooden oxen and flowing horses were all produced from his thoughts; he determined and demonstrated military methods, created the Eight Formations Chart, all obtaining their essentials. Chén Shòu believed Zhūgě Liàng’s verbal instructions and written memorials had much worth observing and separately gathered them into a Collected Works.26 Zhūgě Liàng’s modification of the repeating crossbow was named Yuánróng “Foremost Weapon”, with iron-made bolts, bolt length of eight cùn [~18.5 cm], one crossbow shooting ten bolts at once.27
Later, during Sòng [960 - 1279], it was recorded: “In Shǔ there are small carriages pushed by one person, that carry eight dàn, the front like an ox head, and also there are large carriages that use four people to push, that carry ten dàn. Probably these are the wooden oxen and flowing horses.”28 An alternative record: “Zhūgě Liàng first created the wooden oxen; these are the present small carriages that have someone pulling the front; flowing horses are the present that have one person push. The people call them Jiāngzhōu carts.”29
Zhūgě Liàng’s younger brother Zhūgě Jūn’s office reached Cháng River Colonel. Zhūgě Liàng’s son Zhūgě Zhān succeeded his noble rank.30
Previously, Huáng Chéngyàn was forthright and open, was Miǎnnán’s famed serviceman, and said to Zhūgě Kǒngmíng: “Hearing that you are choosing a wife, I have an ugly daughter, yellow head and black face, but her talent can match yours.” Zhūgě Kǒngmíng agreed. At once sent her. At the time people about this laughed, and the hometown about this made a proverb saying: “Do not be like Kǒngmíng in choosing a wife; it is to obtain Ā’Chéng’s ugly daughter.”31
Zhūgě Qiáo appellation Bósōng was Zhūgě Liáng’s elder brother Zhūgě Jǐn’s second son, original appellation Zhòngshèn. He and his elder brother Zhūgě Kè appellation Yuánxùn both had fame at the time; commentators believed that Qiáo in talent did not match his elder brother, but in temperament and integrity surpassed him. Previously, Zhūgě Liàng did not yet have a son, and requested Zhūgě Qiáo to be his successor, Zhūgě Jǐn informed Sūn Quán and sent Zhūgě Qiáo west. Zhūgě Liàng, because Zhūgě Qiáo was becoming his own successor son, therefore changed his appellation. Appointed as Side Horse Commandant, accompanied Zhūgě Liàng to Hànzhōng. Aged twenty-five years, in Jiànxīng Sixth Year [228] he died. His son Zhūgě Pān’s office reached Acting Protector of the Army, Assisting Warfare General, and also early died.32
Zhūgě Zhān appellation Sīyuǎn was Zhūgě Liàng’s son. Jiànxīng Twelfth Year [234], when Zhūgě Liàng set out to Wǔgōng, his letter to his elder brother Zhūgě Jǐn said: “Zhān is now already eight years old, intelligent and adorable, but I have doubts of his early maturity, and fear he will not become a great talent.”33
Chén Shòu’s Appraisal states: Zhūgě Liàng, as the Chancellor of the State, comforted the Hundred Surnames, demonstrated etiquette and standards, rationalized government duties, employed expedient regulations, opened sincere heart, spread fair principles. Those utmostly loyal and beneficial to the times, even if they were his enemies, he was certain to reward. Those violating law and neglectful, even if they were his intimates, he was certain to punish. Those submitting to punishment with emotion, even if [the crime was] heavy, he was certain to release. Those of superficial statements and clever ornamentation, even if [the crime was] light, he was certain to kill. There were no goods that were not rewarded because they were small, no evils that were not punished because they were minute. In all affairs he was detailed and precise, matters reasoned from the fundamentals, adhering names to the reality, the false not tolerated. In the end, within the country, all feared and yet loved him. His punishments and governance were strict and yet there were no complaints, because he devoted his heart to fairness, and he urged and admonished clearly. It could be said his excellent talent of understanding government was second to Guǎn [Zhòng] and Xiāo [Hé]. However, for successive years he mobilized multitudes and was not able to accomplish achievement; probably answering changes and commanding strategy was not his strength.34
Someone once asked what sort of man Zhūgě Liàng was. Yuán Zhǔn said: “Zhāng Fēi and Guān Yǔ with Liú Bèi together rose up, were servants like his claws and teeth and belly and heart, but they were military men. [Liú Bèi] very late obtained Zhūgě Liàng, and then made him his assistant minister, and yet the various subjects were pleased and accepted it, because Liú Bèi was sufficient in his trust [in others] and Liàng was sufficient to be valued. Reaching to his receiving of the six chǐ orphan, he took over the whole state’s government, served a mediocre ruler, concentrated power but did not lose courtesy, acted as a ruler and yet the state’s people did not suspect him; in this way then the hearts of the ruler and subjects and the Hundred Surnames happily supported him. In enacting law, he was harsh and yet the state’s people were pleased to submit. In using the people, he exhausted their strength and yet subordinates did not complain. His troops went out and in like guests, not acting like bandits, the grass cutters were not harassed, as if they were inside [their own] state. His use of troops, in stopping was like a mountain, in advancing and withdrawing was like the wind. The day his troops set out, Heaven’s Under was shaken, and yet the people’s hearts did not worry. Liàng’s death to now has been several tens of years, the state’s people [still] sing and think of him, like Zhōu men thought of Shào-gōng. Kǒng-zǐ said: ‘Yōng could face south.’ Zhūgě Liàng had this.”
Someone also asked: “Liàng led multitudes of several tens of thousands, but that which he built was like the achievement of several hundreds of thousands. This was his strangeness. Wherever he arrived, the camp ramparts, wells and kitchens, latrines and privies, fence barricades, pass blockers, all complied with straight-edge markers, and in a moon’s passing, he left it like when he had first arrived, the labor costly and only for ornamentation. Why?”
Yuán Zhǔn said: “Shǔ men are reckless and rash, Liàng therefore rigidly employed them.”
Someone said: “How do you know it was so?”
Yuán Zhǔn said: “Liàng governed facts and did not govern names, his ambitions large and what he wished for long-term, he did not seek the short-term and fast.”
Someone also said: “Liàng enjoyed building government offices, residences, bridges, roads. These are not urgent tasks. Why?”
Yuán Zhǔn said: “A small state’s worthies and talents are few, and therefore he wished to have them esteem strictness. In Liàng’s governance of Shǔ, farm fields developed, granaries filled, weapons sharpened, accumulated stores were abundant, Court meetings were not flowery, roads were without intoxicated men. When roots are established then the tips are governed, when there is surplus strength then it afterward can reach to the small affairs. This is how to encourage achievement.”
Someone said: “Your discussion of Zhūgě Liàng then has verification. Yet with Liàng’s talents, few were his achievements. Why?”
Yuán Zhǔn said: “Liàng was one who maintained roots. His answering of changes then was not his strength, and therefore he did not dare use his shortcomings.”
Someone said: "However you my good sir beatify him. Why?"
Yuán Zhǔn said: "This is assuredly the far-reach of the worthy. How can one seek total perfection? To be able to understand shortcomings and not use them, this is the greatness of the worthy. To know one’s shortcomings then is to know one’s strength. To in advance make predictions and speak without accuracy, is what Liàng would not do. This is what I say was correct.”35
Autumn, Eighth Moon in Wú [September 11 - October 9], appointed Zhūgě Kè as Dānyáng Administrator to suppress Shānyuè.36
Zhūgě Kè appellation Yuánxún was Zhūgě Jǐn’s eldest son,37 Zhūgě Liàng’s nephew, Zhūgě Qiáo’s elder brother, Zhūgě Zhān’s elder cousin. From youth he had talent and fame, exhibited literary elegance and precocious intelligence, in debate answered opportunities, none could match him. Sūn Quán met and was impressed with him, saying to Zhūgě Jǐn: “‘Lántián produces jade,’ truly it is not false!” Zhūgě Kè’s height was seven chǐ six cùn [1.82 m], had few whiskers and eyebrows, bent nose and wide forehead, large mouth and loud voice.38
Zhūgě Kè’s father Zhūgě Jǐn had a long face like a donkey. Once, Sūn Quán held a great gathering with the various ministers, and had someone lead a donkey inside, a long board on its face, labeled saying: “Zhūgě Zǐyú.” Zhūgě Kè knelt and said: “I request pen to add two characters.” Therefore, agreed and gave pen. Zhūgě Kè continued below it to “Zhūgě Zǐyú’s Donkey.” All the seated laughed, and so the donkey was bestowed on [Zhūgě] Kè.
On another day they again met, Sūn Quán asked Zhūgě Kè: “Of your father [Zhūgě Jǐn] and your father’s younger brother [Zhūgě Liàng], who is worthier?” Zhūgě Kè replied: “Your Servant’s father is superior.” Sūn Quán asked the reason, and he replied: “Your Servant’s father knows who to serve, father’s younger brother does not. By this he is superior.” [Sūn] Quán again greatly laughed. He ordered Zhūgě Kè to serve the liquor. Reaching to Zhāng Zhāo’s front, [Zhāng] Zhāo already had intoxicated appearance, would not agree to drink, and said: “This is not the courtesy to care for the elderly.” Sūn Quán said: “Are you able to defeat Excellency Zhāng in debate and have him drink it?” Zhūgě Kè scolded Zhāng Zhāo saying: “In the past Shī Shàngfù was ninety, grasping banner and wielding battle-ax, and yet he was not called old. Now in military affairs, you General are at the rear, and in drink and food affairs, you General are at the front; how can it be said to not care for the elderly?” Zhāng Zhāo was without reply, and therefore finished the goblet.
Later a Shǔ envoy arrived, the various ministers all gathered, Sūn Quán said to the envoy: “This Zhūgě Kè is skilled in and enjoys riding, return and inform your Assistant Chancellor [Zhūgě Liàng] to have him send a good horse.” Zhūgě Kè therefore bowed in thanks. Sūn Quán said: “The horse has not yet arrived and yet you give thanks, why?” Zhūgě Kè replied saying: “Shǔ is Your Majesty’s Outer Stable, now that there is generous Imperial Order, the horse is certain to arrive, how dare I not give thanks?”39
Zhūgě Kè once proffered Sūn Quán a horse, first piercing the horse’s ear. Fàn Shèn at the time was seated, and mocked Zhūgě Kè saying: “Though a horse is a large animal, it is endowed with the spirit of Heaven. Now to ruin its ear, how is it not to violate benevolence?” Zhūgě Kè answered saying: “For a mother to her daughter, the affection and love is the utmost. She pierces the ear to attach pearls, what is the violation to benevolence?”
The Heir-Apparent Sūn Dēng once teased Zhūgě Kè saying: “Zhūgě Yuánxùn can eat horse droppings.” Zhūgě Kè said: “May the Heir-Apparent eat chicken eggs.” Sūn Quán said: “He orders you to eat horse droppings, you have him eat chicken eggs. Why?” Zhūgě Kè said: “It comes out the same place.” Sūn Quán greatly laughed.40
Once, there were white headed birds gathered in front of the Palace Hall. Sūn Quán said: “What kind of birds are these?” Zhūgě Kè said: “White-headed pa.” Zhāng Zhāo believed that he was the oldest among the seated, and suspected Zhūgě Kè was using the bird to mock him, and therefore said: “Zhūgě Kè is deceiving Your Majesty. One has never heard of a bird namaed ‘white-headed pa.’ Try having Zhūgě Kè further find a ‘white-headed ma.’” Zhūgě Kè said: “There is a bird named ‘parrot mother’ which does not have a match. Try having Supporting Wú [General Zhāng Zhāo] then find a ‘parrot father.’ Zhāng Zhāo could not answer, and those seated all laughed.41
Zhūgě Kè’s talent and quickness was all of this sort.42 Zhūgě Kè had flourishing fame in that era and Sūn Quán was deeply impressed and amazed with him, however his father Zhūgě Jǐn always was doubtful of him, saying he was not a son to maintain the family, and was always anxious and sorrowful.43
Sūn Quán was extremely impressed with Zhūgě Kè and wished to test him for employment.44 Previously, when Sūn Quán became King of Wú [in 221], he first installed the Staff Assessor office, employed to manage and handle military provisions; it was not of the Hàn system. First he employed Attendant Internal Auxiliary General Xú Xiáng. When Xú Xiáng died, Sūn Quán was about to employ Zhūgě Kè.45 Staff Assessor handled military provisions and grain, the written documents were complicated and plentiful, and not what Zhūgě Kè enjoyed.46 Zhūgě Liàng heard Zhūgě Kè would succeed Xú Xiáng, and wrote a letter to Lù Xùn that said: “My elder brother is aged, and [Zhūgě] Kè by nature is neglectful. Now he is to manage provisions and grain; provisions and grain are the most important in the army, though I Your Servant am far away, I humbly am not at ease. May you specially inform the Utmost Honored to transfer him.” Lù Xùn informed Sūn Quán, and at once transferred Zhūgě Kè to command troops.47 Gù Tán later succeeded Zhūgě Kè as Left Staff Assessor.48
Zhūgě Kè believed Dānyáng was mountainous and rugged, its people many and stalwart, so though previously there had been sent troops, they had only obtained the outer county’s common civilians and nothing more, the rest were deep and far away, none able to capture them completely, and repeatedly himself requested to for the government set out against them, and in three years they could obtain armored soldiers of forty thousand.
The mass of commentators all believed: “Dānyáng’s terrain is difficult and dangerous, adjacent to Wú, Kuàijī, Xīndū, Póyáng four prefectures, the perimeter several thousand lǐ, the mountains and valleys ten-thousand-fold, its secluded people have not ever entered cities, in facing chief officials all wield weapons in the fields, bare-headed in the forests and weeds. Fleeing to rest in evil, all together running about. The mountains produce copper and iron that they personally cast into armor and weapons. Their customs enjoy warfare and practice battle, esteem strength, their climbing of mountains and traveling rugged terrain, trampling and charging thickets of thorns, are like fish in moving in deep pools, and apes in swinging in trees. They timely watch for openings, come out to plunder and rob, every time needing troops sent on campaign, searching their caves and hidings, in battle then they arrive like wasps, in defeat then they flee like birds, from previous ages onward it could not be restrained.” All believed it difficult.
Zhūgě Kè’s father Zhūgě Jǐn heard this, also believed the matter in the end would not succeed, and sighed and said: “[If Zhūgě] Kè will not greatly raise our house, he will greatly ruin our clan.”
Zhūgě Kè vigorously explained it was certain to succeed. Sūn Quán appointed Zhūgě Kè as Succoring the Yuè General, designate Dānyáng Administrator, awarded with adorned halberd martial cavalry of three hundred. The appointment ceremony completed, ordered to for Zhūgě Kè prepare majestic ceremony with drumming and trumpeting, clearing the roads for his return home. At the time his years were thirty-two.49
Ninth Moon in Wú [October 10 - November 8], first day of the moon, falling frost damaging grain.50
Winter, Tenth Moon in Wèi [November 9 - December 8], Yǐchǒu [November 22], the Moon crossed Zhènxīng [Saturn] and Xuānyuán constellation. Wùyín [December 5], the moon crossed Tàibái [Venus].51
Eleventh Moon in Wèi [December 9 - 235 January 6], earthquake in the capital coming from the southeast, with a faint sound, shaking roof tiles.52
Previously, Wǔxī’s Mányí rebelled and in Huánglóng Third Year [230], Sūn Quán Lent Pān Jùn Staff to command the various armies to suppress them. Faith and rewards certain to be enacted, law could not be violated, the cut off heads and captured alive were overall in the tens of thousands, from this the tribes of Mán weakened, and the whole region was tranquilized.53
Winter, Eleventh Moon in Wú [December 8 - 235 January 6], Minister of Ceremonies Pān Jùn was pacifying Wǔlíng’s Mányí, the task completed, and he returned to Wǔchāng. Imperial Order reverted Qū’ē to Yúnyáng, Dāntú to Wǔjìn. Lúlíng bandits Lǐ Huán and Luó Lì and others made chaos.54
Before this, Pān Jùn with Lù Xùn both stationed Wǔchāng, together handling Remaining affairs, and when Pān Jùn returned to Wǔchāng, it was again as before.55
Around this time, Investigator of Affairs Lǚ Yī wielded the handles of power, memorializing to cite Assistant Chancellor Gù Yōng, Left General Zhū Jù and others, and all met with imprisonments. Yellow Gate Attendant Cadet Xiè Gōng spoke with and asked Lǚ Yī: “How is the Excellency Gù [Yōng] affair?” Lǚ Yī said: “It cannot be good.” Xiè Gōng also asked: “If this Excellency is dismissed from office, who will succeed him?” Lǚ Yī had not yet answered Xiè Gōng, Xiè Gōng said: “Will Minister of Ceremonies Pān [Jùn] obtain it?” Lǚ Yī after a long while said: “Your speech is close to it.” Xiè Gōng said: “Minister of Ceremonies Pān [Jùn] always gnashes teeth in anger at you, it is only that the paths are far away that there is no opportunity. Now on the day he succeeds Excellency Gù [Yōng], one fears the next day he will then strike you.” Lǚ Yī was greatly afraid, and therefore released Gù Yōng’s case. Pān Jùn requested to attend Court, visited Jiànyè, wishing to exhaust words in thorough remonstration. Pān Jùn arrived, heard the Heir-Apparent Sūn Dēng had already repeatedly spoke of this but not been listened to. Pān Jùn then greatly invited the hundred officials, wishing to take advantage of the meeting to with his own hand and blade kill Lǚ Yī, sacrificing himself to deal with it and for the state remove a danger. Lǚ Yī secretly heard and knew, claimed illness and did not go. Pān Jùn every time in advancing to meet with Sūn Quán, never did he not explain Lǚ Yī’s treachery and danger. Because of this Lǚ Yī’s favor gradually declined.56
Twelfth Moon in Wèi [235 January 7 - February 5], Imperial Order on managers to review death sentences and reduce death punishments.57
The previous year, Gōngsūn Yuān had killed Sūn Quán’s envoys, but a small group with the help of Gāogōulí King Gōng was able to return to Wú.58
Within one year, Sūn Quán sent Emissary Xiè Hóng and Central Writer Chén Xún to appoint King Gōng as Chányú, applying bestowals of cloth and treasures. Chén Xún and the rest arrived at Ānpíngkǒu, first sending Colonel Chén Fèng ahead to meet Gōng, but Gōng had received Wèi’s Yōu Province’s message to deliver Wú’s envoys to prove himself. Chén Fèng heard of this and turned back. Gōng sent his Registrar Zé Zī, Dài Gù, and others to go out to Ānpíng, to with Xiè Hóng meet one another. Xiè Hóng at once bound and obtained over thirty people as hostages, Gōng therefore apologized for his crime, and offered up horses of several hundred. Xiè Hóng thus sent Zé Zī and Dài Gù to present the Imperial Order letter and bestowed gifts on Gōng. At the time Xiè Hóng’s boat was small, he carried horses of eighty and returned to Wú.59
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》秋八月，亮卒于渭濱。
《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》其年八月，亮疾病，卒于軍，時年五十四。
裴松之注《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》晉陽秋曰：有星赤而芒角，自東北西南流，投于亮營，三投再還，往大還小。俄而亮卒。
《陳壽·蜀志十·魏延傳》秋，亮病困，密與長史楊儀、司馬費禕、護軍姜維等作身歿之後退軍節度，令延斷後，姜維次之；若延或不從命，軍便自發。
《陳壽·蜀志十·魏延傳》延每隨亮出，輒欲請兵萬人，與亮異道會于潼關，如韓信故事，亮制而不許。延常謂亮為怯，歎恨己才用之不盡。延既善養士卒，勇猛過人，又性矜高，當時皆避下之。唯楊儀不假借延，延以為至忿，有如水火。
《陳壽·蜀志十四·費禕傳》值軍師魏延與長史楊儀相憎惡，每至並坐爭論，延或舉刃擬儀，儀泣涕橫集。禕常入其坐間，諫喻分別，終亮之世，各盡延、儀之用者，禕匡救之力也。
《陳壽·蜀志十·魏延傳》十二年，亮出北谷口，延為前鋒。出亮營十里，延夢頭上生角，以問占夢趙直，直詐延曰：「夫麒麟有角而不用，此不戰而賊欲自破之象也。」退而告人曰：「角之為字，刀下用也；頭上用刀，其凶甚矣。」
《陳壽·蜀志十·魏延傳》亮適卒，祕不發喪，儀令禕往揣延意指。延曰：「丞相雖亡，吾自見在。府親官屬便可將喪還葬，吾自當率諸軍擊賊，云何以一人死廢天下之事邪？且魏延何人，當為楊儀所部勒，作斷後將乎！」因與禕共作行留部分，令禕手書與己連名，告下諸將。禕紿延曰：「當為君還解楊長史，長史文吏，稀更軍事，必不違命也。」禕出門馳馬而去，延尋悔，追之已不及矣。延遣人覘儀等，遂使欲案亮成規，諸營相次引軍還。延大怒，（纔）〔攙〕儀未發，率所領徑先南歸，所過燒絕閣道。延、儀各相表叛逆，一日之中，羽檄交至。後主以問侍中董允、留府長史蔣琬，琬、允咸保儀疑延。
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》征西大將軍魏延與丞相長史楊儀爭權不和，舉兵相攻，延敗走；斬延首，儀率諸軍還成都。
《陳壽·蜀志十·魏延傳》儀等槎山通道，晝夜兼行，亦繼延後。延先至，據南谷口，遣兵逆擊儀等，儀等令何平在前禦延。平叱延先登曰：「公亡，身尚未寒，汝輩何敢乃爾！」延士眾知曲在延，莫為用命，軍皆散。延獨與其子數人逃亡，奔漢中。儀遣馬岱追斬之，致首於儀，儀起自踏之，曰：「庸奴！復能作惡不？」遂夷延三族。初，蔣琬率宿衛諸營赴難北行，行數十里，延死問至，乃旋。
裴松之注《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》漢晉春秋曰：楊儀等整軍而出，百姓奔告宣王，宣王追焉。姜維令儀反旗鳴鼓，若將向宣王者，宣王乃退，不敢偪。於是儀結陳而去，入谷然後發喪。宣王之退也，百姓為之諺曰：「死諸葛走生仲達。」或以告宣王，宣王曰：「吾能料生，不便料死也。」
《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》及軍退，宣王案行其營壘處所，曰：「天下奇才也！」
《陳壽·魏志二十五·辛毗傳》亮卒，復還為衛尉。薨，諡曰肅侯。子敞嗣，咸熙中為河內太守。
《逸周書·謚法》剛德克就曰肅。
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》斬延首，儀率諸軍還成都。大赦。以左將軍吳壹為車騎將軍，假節督漢中。以丞相留府長史蔣琬為尚書令，總統國事。
《陳壽·蜀志十三·王平傳》十二年，亮卒於武功，軍退還，魏延作亂，一戰而敗，平之功也。遷後典軍、安漢將軍，副車騎將軍吳壹住漢中，又領漢中太守。
《陳壽·蜀志十·楊儀傳》儀既領軍還，又誅討延，自以為功勳至大，宜當代亮秉政，呼都尉趙正以周易筮之，卦得家人，默然不悅。而亮平生密指，以儀性狷狹，意在蔣琬，琬遂為尚書令、益州刺史。儀至，拜為中軍師，無所統領，從容而已。
《易·家人》家人：利女貞。
《彖》家人，女正位乎內，男正位乎外，男女正，天地之大義也。家人有嚴君焉，父母之謂也。父父，子子，兄兄，弟弟，夫夫，婦婦，而家道正；正家而天下定矣。
《象》風自火出，家人；君子以言有物，而行有恆。
《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》亮遺命葬漢中定軍山，因山為墳，冢足容棺，斂以時服，不須器物。詔策曰：「惟君體資文武，明叡篤誠，受遺託孤，匡輔朕躬，繼絕興微，志存靖亂；爰整六師，無歲不征，神武赫然，威鎮八荒，將建殊功於季漢，參伊、周之巨勳。如何不弔，事臨垂克，遘疾隕喪！朕用傷悼，肝心若裂。夫崇德序功，紀行命諡，所以光昭將來，刊載不朽。今使使持節左中郎將杜瓊，贈君丞相武鄉侯印綬，諡君為忠武侯。魂而有靈，嘉茲寵榮。嗚呼哀哉！嗚呼哀哉！」
《逸周書·謚法》危身奉上曰忠。
《逸周書·謚法》夸志多窮曰武。
《陳壽·蜀志十五·楊戲傳》國山休風，永南耽思；盛衡、承伯，言藏言時；孫德果銳，偉南篤常；德緒、義彊，志壯氣剛。濟濟脩志，蜀之芬香。 贊王國山、李永南、馬盛衡、馬承伯、李孫德、李偉南，龔德緒、王義彊
《陳壽·蜀志十五·楊戲傳》永南名邵，廣漢郪人也。先主定蜀後，為州書佐部從事。建興元年，丞相亮辟為西曹掾。亮南征，留邵為治中從事，是歲卒。
裴松之注《陳壽·蜀志十五·楊戲傳》華陽國志曰：邵兄邈，字漢南，劉璋時為牛鞞長。先主領牧，為從事，正旦命行酒，得進見，讓先主曰：「振威以將軍宗室肺腑，委以討賊，元功未效，先寇而滅；邈以將軍之取鄙州，甚為不宜也。」先主曰：「知其不宜，何以不助之？」邈曰：「匪不敢也，力不足耳。」有司將殺之，諸葛亮為請，得免。久之，為犍為太守、丞相參軍、安漢將軍。建興六年，亮西征。馬謖在前敗績，亮將殺之，邈諫以「秦赦孟明，用伯西戎，楚誅子玉，二世不競」，失亮意，還蜀。十二年，亮卒，後主素服發哀三日，邈上疏曰：「呂祿、霍、禹未必懷反叛之心，孝宣不好為殺臣之君，直以臣懼其偪，主畏其威，故姦萌生。亮身杖彊兵，狼顧虎視，五大不在邊，臣常危之。今亮殞沒，蓋宗族得全，西戎靜息，大小為慶。」後主怒，下獄誅之。
《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》初，亮自表後主曰：「成都有桑八百株，薄田十五頃，子弟衣食，自有餘饒。至於臣在外任，無別調度，隨身衣食，悉仰於官，不別治生，以長尺寸。若臣死之日，不使內有餘帛，外有贏財，以負陛下。」及卒，如其所言。
《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》亮性長於巧思，損益連弩，木牛流馬，皆出其意；推演兵法，作八陳圖，咸得其要云。亮言教書奏多可觀，別為一集。
裴松之注《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》魏氏春秋曰：亮作八務、七戒、六恐、五懼，皆有條章，以訓厲臣子。又損益連弩，謂之元戎，以鐵為矢，矢長八寸，一弩十矢俱發。
《後山叢譚》蜀中有小車獨推，載八石，前如牛頭，又有大車，用四人推，載十石，蓋木牛流馬也。
高承《事物紀原》：諸葛亮始造木牛，即今小車之有前轅者；流馬即今獨推者是，民間謂之「江州車子」。
《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》亮弟均，官至長水校尉。亮子瞻，嗣爵。
裴松之注《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》襄陽記曰：黃承彥者，高爽開列，為沔南名士，謂諸葛孔明曰：「聞君擇婦；身有醜女，黃頭黑色，而才堪相配。」孔明許，即載送之。時人以為笑樂，鄉里為之諺曰：「莫作孔明擇婦，正得阿承醜女。」
《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》喬字伯松，亮兄瑾之第二子也，本字仲慎。與兄元遜俱有名於時，論者以為喬才不及兄，而性業過之。初，亮未有子，求喬為嗣，瑾啟孫權遣喬來西，亮以喬為己適子，故易其字焉。拜為駙馬都尉，隨亮至漢中。年二十五，建興（元）〔六〕年卒。子攀，官至行護軍翊武將軍，亦早卒。
《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》瞻字思遠。建興十二年，亮出武功，與兄瑾書曰：「瞻今已八歲，聰慧可愛，嫌其早成，恐不為重器耳。」
《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》評曰：諸葛亮之為相國也，撫百姓，示儀軌，約官職，從權制，開誠心，布公道；盡忠益時者雖讎必賞，犯法怠慢者雖親必罰，服罪輸情者雖重必釋，游辭巧飾者雖輕必戮；善無微而不賞，惡無纖而不貶；庶事精練，物理其本，循名責實，虛偽不齒；終於邦域之內，咸畏而愛之，刑政雖峻而無怨者，以其用心平而勸戒明也。可謂識治之良才，管、蕭之亞匹矣。然連年動眾，未能成功，蓋應變將略，非其所長歟！
裴松之注《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》袁子曰：或問諸葛亮何如人也，袁子曰：張飛、關羽與劉備俱起，爪牙腹心之臣，而武人也。晚得諸葛亮，因以為佐相，而群臣悅服，劉備足信、亮足重故也。及其受六尺之孤，攝一國之政，事凡庸之君，專權而不失禮，行君事而國人不疑，如此即以為君臣百姓之心欣戴之矣。行法嚴而國人悅服，用民盡其力而下不怨。及其兵出入如賓，行不寇，芻蕘者不獵，如在國中。其用兵也，止如山，進退如風，兵出之日，天下震動，而人心不憂。亮死至今數十年，國人歌思，如周人之思召公也，孔子曰「雍也可使南面」，諸葛亮有焉。又問諸葛亮始出隴右，南安、天水、安定三郡人反應之，若亮速進，則三郡非中國之有也，而亮徐行不進；既而官兵上隴，三郡復，亮無尺寸之功，失此機，何也？袁子曰：蜀兵輕銳，良將少，亮始出，未知中國彊弱，是以疑而嘗之；且大會者不求近功，所以不進也。曰：何以知其疑也？袁子曰：初出遲重，屯營重複，後轉降未進兵欲戰，亮勇而能鬥，三郡反而不速應，此其疑徵也。曰：何以知其勇而能鬥也？袁子曰：亮之在街亭也，前軍大破，亮屯去數里，不救；官兵相接，又徐行，此其勇也。亮之行軍，安靜而堅重；安靜則易動，堅重則可以進退。亮法令明，賞罰信，士卒用命，赴險而不顧，此所以能鬥也。曰：亮率數萬之眾，其所興造，若數十萬之功，是其奇者也。所至營壘、井灶、圊溷、藩籬、障塞皆應繩墨，一月之行，去之如始至，勞費而徒為飾好，何也？袁子曰：蜀人輕脫，亮故堅用之。曰：何以知其然也？袁子曰：亮治實而不治名，志大而所欲遠，非求近速者也。曰：亮好治官府、次舍、橋梁、道路，此非急務，何也？袁子曰：小國賢才少，故欲其尊嚴也。亮之治蜀，田疇辟，倉廩實，器械利，蓄積饒，朝會不華，路無醉人。夫本立故末治，有餘力而後及小事，此所以勸其功也。曰：子之論諸葛亮，則有證也。以亮之才而少其功，何也？袁子曰：亮，持本者也，其於應變，則非所長也，故不敢用其短。曰：然則吾子美之，何也？袁子曰：此固賢者之遠矣，安可以備體責也。夫能知所短而不用，此賢者之大也；知所短則知所長矣。夫前識與言而不中，亮之所不用也，此吾之所謂可也。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》秋八月，以諸葛恪為丹楊太守，討山越。
《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》諸葛恪字元遜，瑾長子也。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》江表傳曰：恪少有才名，發藻岐嶷，辯論應機，莫與為對。權見而奇之，謂瑾曰：「藍田生玉，真不虛也。」吳錄曰：恪長七尺六寸，少鬚眉，折頞廣額，大口高聲。
《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》恪父瑾面長似驢，孫權大會群臣，使人牽一驢入，長檢其面，題曰諸葛子瑜。恪跪曰：「乞請筆益兩字。」因聽與筆。恪續其下曰「之驢。」舉坐歡笑，乃以驢賜恪。他日復見，權問恪曰：「卿父與叔父孰賢？」對曰：「臣父為優。」權問其故，對曰：「臣父知所事，叔父不知，以是為優。」權又大噱。命恪行酒，至張昭前，昭先有酒色，不肯飲，曰：「此非養老之禮也。」權曰：「卿其能令張公辭屈，乃當飲之耳。」恪難昭曰：「昔師尚父九十，秉旄仗鉞，猶未告老也。今軍旅之事，將軍在後，酒食之事，將軍在先，何謂不養老也？」昭卒無辭，遂為盡爵。後蜀使至，群臣並會，權謂使曰：「此諸葛恪雅好騎乘，還告丞相，為致好馬。」恪因下謝，權曰：「馬未至而謝何也？」恪對曰：「夫蜀者陛下之外廄，今有恩詔，馬必至也，安敢不謝？」恪之才捷，皆此類也。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》恪別傳曰：權嘗饗蜀使費禕，先逆敕群臣：「使至，伏食勿起。」禕至，權為輟食，而群下不起。禕啁之曰：「鳳皇來翔，騏驎吐哺，驢騾無知，伏食如故。」恪答曰：「爰植梧桐，以待鳳皇，有何燕雀，自稱來翔？何不彈射，使還故鄉！」禕停食餅，索筆作麥賦，恪亦請筆作磨賦，咸稱善焉。權嘗問恪：「頃何以自娛，而更肥澤？」恪對曰：「臣聞富潤屋，德潤身，臣非敢自娛，脩己而已。」又問：「卿何如滕胤？」恪答曰：「登階躡履，臣不如胤；迴籌轉策，胤不如臣。」恪嘗獻權馬，先〈金芻〉其耳。范慎時在坐，嘲恪曰：「馬雖大畜，稟氣於天，今殘其耳，豈不傷仁？」恪答曰：「母之於女，恩愛至矣，穿耳附珠，何傷於仁？」太子嘗嘲恪：「諸葛元遜可食馬矢。」恪曰：「願太子食雞卵。」權曰：「人令卿食馬矢，卿使人食雞卵何也？」恪曰：「所出同耳。」權大笑。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》江表傳曰：曾有白頭鳥集殿前，權曰：「此何鳥也？」恪曰：「白頭翁也。」張昭自以坐中最老，疑恪以鳥戲之，因曰：「恪欺陛下，未嘗聞鳥名白頭翁者，試使恪復求白頭母。」恪曰：「鳥名鸚母，未必有對，試使輔吳復求鸚父。」昭不能答，坐中皆歡笑。
《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》恪之才捷，皆此類也。
《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》瑾子恪，名盛當世，權深器異之；然瑾常嫌之，謂非保家之子，每以憂戚。
《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》權甚異之，欲試以事，令守節度。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》江表傳曰：權為吳王，初置節度官，使典掌軍糧，非漢制也。初用侍中偏將軍徐詳，詳死，將用恪。諸葛亮聞恪代詳，書與陸遜曰：「家兄年老，而恪性疏，今使典主糧穀，糧穀軍之要最，僕雖在遠，竊用不安。足下特為啟至尊轉之。」遜以白權，即轉恪領兵。
《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》節度掌軍糧穀，文書繁猥，非其好也。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》江表傳曰：權為吳王，初置節度官，使典掌軍糧，非漢制也。初用侍中偏將軍徐詳，詳死，將用恪。諸葛亮聞恪代詳，書與陸遜曰：「家兄年老，而恪性疏，今使典主糧穀，糧穀軍之要最，僕雖在遠，竊用不安。足下特為啟至尊轉之。」遜以白權，即轉恪領兵。
《陳壽·吳志七·顧雍傳》赤烏中，代恪為左節度。
《陳壽·吳志十九·諸葛恪傳》恪以丹楊山險，民多果勁，雖前發兵，徒得外縣平民而已，其餘深遠，莫能禽盡，屢自求乞為官出之，三年可得甲士四萬。眾議咸以丹楊地勢險阻，與吳郡、會稽、新都、鄱陽四郡鄰接，周旋數千里，山谷萬重，其幽邃民人，未嘗入城邑，對長吏，皆仗兵野逸，白首於林莽。逋亡宿惡，咸共逃竄。山出銅鐵，自鑄甲兵。俗好武習戰，高尚氣力，其升山赴險，抵突叢棘，若魚之走淵，猿狖之騰木也。時觀閒隙，出為寇盜，每致兵征伐，尋其窟藏。其戰則蜂至，敗則鳥竄，自前世以來，不能羈也。皆以為難。恪父瑾聞之，亦以事終不逮，歎曰；「恪不大興吾家，將大赤吾族也。」恪盛陳其必捷。權拜恪撫越將軍，領丹楊太守，授棨戟武騎三百。拜畢，命恪備威儀，作鼓吹，導引歸家，時年三十二。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》九月朔，隕霜傷穀。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》冬十月乙丑，月犯鎮星及軒轅。戊寅，月犯太白。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》十一月，京都地震，從東南來，隱隱有聲，搖動屋瓦。
《陳壽·吳志十六·潘濬傳》五谿蠻夷叛亂盤結，權假濬節，督諸軍討之。信賞必行，法不可干，斬首獲生，蓋以萬數，自是群蠻衰弱，一方寧靜。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》冬十一月，太常潘濬平武陵蠻夷，事畢，還武昌。詔復曲阿為雲陽，丹徒為武進。廬陵賊李桓、羅厲等為亂。
《陳壽·吳志十六·潘濬傳》先是，濬與陸遜俱駐武昌，共掌留事，還復故。
《陳壽·吳志十六·潘濬傳》時校事呂壹操弄威柄，奏按丞相顧雍、左將軍朱據等，皆見禁止。黃門侍郎謝厷語次問壹：「顧公事何如？」壹答：「不能佳。」厷又問：「若此公免退，誰當代之？」壹未答厷，厷曰：「得無潘太常得之乎？」壹良久曰：「君語近之也。」厷謂曰：「潘太常常切齒於君，但道遠無因耳。今日代顧公，恐明日便擊君矣。」壹大懼，遂解散雍事。濬求朝，詣建業，欲盡辭極諫。至，聞太子登已數言之而不見從，濬乃大請百寮，欲因會手刃殺壹，以身當之，為國除患。壹密聞知，稱疾不行。濬每進見，無不陳壹之姦險也。由此壹寵漸衰，後遂誅戮。權引咎責躬，因誚讓大臣，語在權傳。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》十二月，詔有司刪定大辟，減死罪。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》吳書曰：初，張彌、許晏等俱到襄平，官屬從者四百許人。淵欲圖彌、晏，先分其人眾，置遼東諸縣，以中使秦旦、張群、杜德、黃疆等及吏兵六十人，置玄菟郡。玄菟郡在遼東北，相去二百里，太守王贊領戶二百，兼重可三四百人。旦等皆舍於民家，仰其飲食。積四十許日，旦與疆等議曰：「吾人遠辱國命，自棄於此，與死亡何異？今觀此郡，形勢甚弱。若一旦同心，焚燒城郭，殺其長吏，為國報恥，然後伏死，足以無恨。孰與偷生苟活長為囚虜乎？」疆等然之。於是陰相約結，當用八月十九日夜發。其日中時，為部中張松所告，贊便會士眾閉城門。旦、群、德、疆等皆踰城得走。時群病疽創著膝，不及輩旅，德常扶接與俱，崎嶇山谷。行六七百里，創益困，不復能前，臥草中，相守悲泣。群曰：「吾不幸創甚，死亡無日，卿諸人宜速進道，冀有所達。空相守，俱死於窮谷之中，何益也？」德曰：「萬里流離，死生共之，不忍相委。」於是推旦、疆使前，德獨留守群，捕菜果食之。旦、疆別數日，得達句驪（王宮），因宣詔於句驪王宮及其主簿，詔言有賜為遼東所攻奪。宮等大喜，即受詔，命使人隨旦還迎群、德。其年，宮遣皂衣二十五人送旦等還，奉表稱臣，貢貂皮千枚，鶡雞皮十具。旦等見權，悲喜不能自勝。權義之，皆拜校尉。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》引《吳書》閒一年，遣使者謝宏、中書陳恂拜宮為單于，加賜衣物珍寶。恂等到安平口，先遣校尉陳奉前見宮，而宮受魏幽州刺史諷旨，令以吳使自效。奉聞之，倒還。宮遣主簿笮咨、帶固等出安平，與宏相見。宏即縛得三十餘人質之，宮於是謝罪，上馬數百匹。宏乃遣咨、固奉詔書賜物與宮。是時宏船小，載馬八十匹而還。