[233] Qīnglóng 1/Jiànxīng 11/Jiāhé 2
233 AD, Wèi and Wú Northern Activities, Gōngsūn Yuān's Double Dealing
Previously, Wèi’s Liáodōng Administrator Gōngsūn Yuān had sent envoys to declare himself vassal to Wú and proffer sable horses. Wú Emperor Sūn Quán was greatly pleased and applied on Gōngsūn Yuān noble rank as King of Yān.1
Spring, Standard Moon in Wú [233 January 28 - February 25], Imperial Order said: “As We are not virtuous, from first receiving the inaugural mandate, morning and night I am apprehensive, with no time to rest. I think of pacifying the world’s troubles, rescuing and relieving the common masses, above to answer divine spirits, below to comfort the people’s hopes. Therefore, I turn in concern, diligently seeking the eminent and outstanding, to with them join strength, together settle Within the Seas, and if there are those same in heart, to with them grow old. Now the Envoy Wielding Staff as Commander of Yōu Province, designate Qīng Province Governor, Liáodōng Administrator, King of Yān, has long been threatened by rebel caitiffs, cut apart in one region, although his heart was with the state, the roads were not joined. Now because of Heaven’s Mandate, from afar he sends two envoys, his loyal sincerity is revealed, presented in memorial eagerly attentive. We in obtaining this, how pleased in it! Even Tāng meeting Yī Yǐn, Zhōu obtaining Lǚ Wàng, Shìzǔ not settling and yet obtaining the Hé’s west, compared to today, how does it surpass it? All of Heaven is unified, and therefore settled. Does the Shū not say: ‘one man has celebrations; the multitudes of people depend on it.’ Thus Great Amnesty Under Heaven, to with them start again. Thus, clearly send down to the provinces and prefectures, to have all hear and know. Specially send down to Yān state, to present and declare Imperial Order’s favor, to have all of Heaven lead the lands to prepare and hear this celebration.”2
Spring, Standard Moon in Wèi [233 January 28 - February 26], Jiǎshēn [February 19], an Azure Dragon (Qīnglóng) was sighted at Jiá’s Móbēi inside a well.
Second Moon in Wèi [February 27 - March 28], Dīngyǒu [March 4], Cáo Ruì visited Mòbēi to observe the dragon, therefore changed the Year Name to Qīnglóng “Azure Dragon,” changed Móbēi to Lóngbēi “Dragon’s Slope,” bestowed on household heirs noble rank of level two, and widowers, widows, orphans, childless were not to pay that year’s taxes.3
Third Moon in Wú [March 28 - April 26], sent back Gōngsūn Yuān’s envoys Sù Shū and Sūn Zōng, along with Minister of Ceremonies Zhāng Mí and Metal Mace Bearer Xǔ Yàn and General Hé Dá and others to command troops of ten thousand men, with gold and jewels and precious goods, the Nine Bestowments prepared objects, to sail the sea to confer on Gōngsūn Yuān.4
The Wú Court great ministers from Assistant Chancellor Gù Yōng on down all remonstrated, believing Gōngsūn Yuān could not be trusted, that the favorable treatment was too generous, and that they could instead merely send officials and troops of a few hundred to escort Sù Shū and Sūn Zōng. Sūn Quán to the end did not listen.5
Wú Emperor Sūn Quán’s Imperial Order said in part: “To Former Wèi Envoy Wielding Staff Chariots and Cavalry General, Liáodōng Administrator, Marquess of Pínglè: Heaven and Earth lost order, the Imperial Utmost was not established, the foremost evil and greatly abhorred did harm to the people, Within the Seas divided and ruined, the various living buried and extinguished, though around remain some common people, those scattered with their remnants lost, reaching to this day, the chaos is extreme. We received the calendar calculations, ruler overseeing the myriad states, morning to night battling battles, focused on stopping the troubles, like wading a deep river, not knowing the distance to cross. Therefore, I hold banner and wield battle-ax, cutting and exterminating the vicious and cruel, from the east to the west, with no place to rest, where my strength can reach, the people are without disasters. Though the rebel caitiffs remaining groups are not yet subdued and the crimes punished, yet the bound criminals are dead trees, waiting for the time to fall. Considering you, General, are heavenly endowed with distinguished attainment, both having civil and military ability, watching the times and seeing changes, investigated into leaving and arriving, crossed over the dangerous and difficult, clearly delivering your red heart, beginning and establishing a great plan, for Heaven’s Under advancing, a foremost merit and tremendous accomplishment, comparable to the ancients.”
It also said: “Now with Yōu and Qīng two provinces, seventeen prefectures, one hundred and seventy counties, enfeoff you as King of Yān, Envoy Wielding Staff Observing Minister of Ceremonies Zhāng Mí confers on you the ruler’s seal and ribbon and tally letter, golden tiger tallys from rank one to rank five, bamboo envoy talismans from rank one to rank ten.
Bestow on you dark earth, hemp of white reeds, thus engrave spirit turtle, employ bestowment of mound altars.
As there are military affairs, managing and presiding troops and horses, have you, General, use curved canopy and signal banner, to command Yōu Province, Qīng Province Governor, Liáodōng Administrator as before.
Now apply on you the Nine Bestowments, thus respectfully listen to the later mandate:
As you for three generations succeeded one another, protecting and calming one region, pacifying and collecting four prefectures, teachings reaching to different customs, the people and foreign secure in enterprise, without any treachery, thus use bestowment on you of Great Chariot, War Chariot, Dark Stallions of two Teams of Four.
You attend to encouraging agriculture, enriching people and accomplishing achievement, granaries and storehouses full and amassed, the officials and people all wealthy, thus use bestowment on you clothes of robe and cap, red shoes to match.
You correct and cultivate by virtue, honor below with courtesy, honesty and righteousness lofty and modest, inside and outside all harmonious, thus use bestowment on you the music of hanging instruments.
You announce and guide glorious custom, embracing and protecting the distant frontiers, the distant peoples turn to face, none not as shadows attaching, thus employ bestowment on you a residence of vermilion doors.
You devote your talent and strategy, in government employ the worth, clearly straightening the wrong and crooked, the various goods certainly promoted, thus employ bestowment on you Tiger Elite guards of one hundred people.
Your weapons and horses are organized, awing and shaking distant regions, investigating in reverence to heavenly punishment, making clear those with guilt, thus employ bestowment on you ax and battle-ax one of each.
Your civil ability harmonizes inside, your martial ability is trusted outside, capturing and suppressing the rebellious groups, breaking and charging to attack the troubles, thus employ bestowment on you red bow of one, red arrows of one hundred, black bows of ten, black arrows of one thousand.
Your loyal diligence has effect, warm respect as virtue, enlightened justice true and sincere, emotionally moving Our heart, thus employ bestowment on you of black millet liquor of one bottle with jade libation cup to match.
Oh ah! Respect this instructive canon, revere and shine heaven's labors, together our country, forever to the end thus glorious.”6
Péi Sōngzhī believes: [Sūn] Quán in stubbornly opposing the remonstrants of the masses and trusting [Gōngsūn] Yuān’s intentions completely, was to not have the planning of warfare or the thoughtfulness of reconsideration. Declaring and sending bestowment mandate, and then employing ten thousand men, how is but to not love his people, the extremity of ignorance and oppression? This action was not only muddled incompetence, it truly was to be without principles.7
Previously, when Sūn Quán was about to send Zhāng Mí and Xǔ Yàn to Liáodōng to appoint Gōngsūn Yuān as King of Yān, Zhāng Zhāo had remonstrated saying: “[Gōngsūn] Yuān turns back on Wèi and fears punishment. From afar coming to request help was not his original intention. If Gōngsūn Yuān changes plans, wishing to prove himself to Wèi, the two envoys will not return, and would it not also be laughed at by Heaven’s Under?”
Sūn Quán with Zhāng Zhāo went back and forth, and Zhāng Zhāo became all the more cutting. Sūn Quán could not bear it, drew saber and angrily said: “Wú state’s servicemen in entering the Palace then bow to me, in exiting the Palace then bow to you. My respect for you also reaches to that, but you repeatedly among the masses oppose me, I fear I will lose control.”
Zhāng Zhāo for a long time looked at Sūn Quán and said: “Though Your Servant knows my words will not be used, that I every time am exhaustive in foolish loyalty, is truly only because when the Dowager [your mother] was about to pass away, she called Your Old Servant to below the bed with verbal Legacy Imperial Order to look after your fate.” Therefore he shed tears overflowing. Sūn Quán threw his saber to the ground and facing Zhāng Zhāo sobbed.
However in the end he sent Zhāng Mí and Xǔ Yàn to go. Zhāng Zhāo was angry his words were not used, claimed illness and did not attend Court. Sūn Quán hated this, and with soil blocked up Zhāng Zhāo’s gates. Zhāng Zhāo also on the inside used soil to seal the gates.8
Third Moon in Wèi [March 29 - April 26], Jiǎzǐ [March 31], Imperial Order on the Excellencies and Ministers to nominate servicemen of Worthy and Good, Sincere Conduct candidates, each one man.9
Summer, Fifth Moon in Wèi [May 27 - June 24], Rénshēn [June 7], Imperial Order to sacrifice to former General-in-Chief Xiàhóu Dūn, Marshal-in-Chief Cáo Rén, and Chariots and Cavalry General Chéng Yù in Tàizǔ Temple Hall.10 The Imperial Order said: “In the Rituals of the former Kings of the past, for meritorious ministers, if living then make prominent their noble rank and salary, if gone then sacrifice with great offerings. Therefore the Hàn dynasty’s meritorious ministers received sacrifices in the Temple Hall. Great Wèi’s ministers of the foundational achievement with achievements and merits exceptionally known, end from beginning wonderful and brilliant, are thus to all in accordance with Rituals receive sacrifices.” Therefore Xiàhōu Dūn and the rest received accompanying sacrifices.11
Wùyín [June 13], Cáo Ruì’s brother the King of Běihǎi Cáo Ruí died.12
Intercalary Moon in Wèi [June 25 - July 24], Gēngyín [June 25] first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.13 Dīngyǒu [July 2], changed the fiefs of Imperial clan daughters who were not daughters of the vassal Kings to all become princesses of towns. Imperial Order on the various prefectures and states that mountains and rivers that were not in sacrifice canons were not to receive sacrifices.14
Sixth Moon [July 25 - August 22], Luòyáng Palace Jū Residence burned down.15
When Cáo Ruì was about to repair palace housing, the Hundred Surnames suffering conscription, Xīn Pí had sent up memorial saying: “I have humbly heard Zhūgě Liàng is discussing warfare and drilling troops, and Sūn Quán is buying horses in Liáodōng. Estimating their intentions, it seems they wish to together [attack] left [east] and right [west]. Preparing in advance of the unexpected is the excellent governance of the ancients, but presently Palace Residences are greatly raised, and additionally for successive years grain and wheat is not collected. The Shī says: ‘The people indeed toil in burden, perhaps they can have small rest, kindness to these central states, to calm the Four Quarters.’ May Your Majesty for the State Altars calculate.”
The Emperor’s reply said: “The two caitiffs are not yet exterminated and to yet repair Palace Residences; it is the time for those of upright remonstrant to establish reputation. The capital of a ruler should be managed simultaneously when the people are labored, to allow later generations to have nothing to add to; this was the plan that Xiāo Hé drafted for Hàn. Now you are Wèi’s valued minister, and also should understand this great intention.”
The Emperor also wished to flatten Běimáng, to on its top build a terrace watchtower, to then see Mèngjīn. Xīn Pí remonstrated stating: “The nature of Heaven’s Under is for high to be high and low to be low, to now reverse it, is wrong in its reasoning, and moreover to harm and waste people’s labors, the people cannot bear the conscription. Moreover if the nine rivers overflow, the flooding waters doing harm, and the hills are all razed, what will there be to resist it?” The Emperor thus stopped.16
Protector of the Passes Xiānbēi chieftain Bùdùgēn with the rebelling Xiānbēi chieftain Kē Bǐnéng secretly communicated. Bìng Province Inspector Bì Guǐ memorialized to at once send out the army to outside intimidate Kē Bǐnéng and inside subdue Bùdùgēn. The Emperor dismissed the memorial saying: “Bùdùgēn was by Bǐnéng enticed and will have his own suspicious heart. Now if [Bì] Guǐ sends out the army, it will cause the two groups to be afraid and unite into one. How will it be intimidated or subdued?” Urgently ordered Bì Guǐ that if he sent out the army it was to be cautious and not go beyond the passes and cross Gōuzhù. By the time the Imperial Order letter arrived, Bì Guǐ had advanced the army to garrison Yīnguǎn and sent Generals Sū Shàng and Dǒng Bì to pursue the Xiānbēi. Kē Bǐnéng had sent his son to lead over a thousand cavalry to welcome Bùdùgēn’s tribe, with Sū Shàng and Dǒng Bì encountered one another, battled at Lóufán, and the two Generals were defeated and destroyed. Bùdùgēn’s tribe all rebelled and went out the passes, with Bǐnéng uniting to plunder the borders. Sent Valiant Cavalry General Qín Lǎng to command the Central Army to suppress them. The caitiffs thus fled north of the desert.17
Autumn, Ninth Moon in Wèi [October 21 - November 19], Āndìng’s Protector of the Passes Xiōngnú chieftain Húbójūzīzhí and others rebelled. Sīmǎ Yì sent General Hú Zūn and others to suppress, defeating them and they surrendered.18
Winter, Tenth Moon in Wèi [November 20 - December 18], Bùdùgēn’s tribe chieftain Dàihú’ēlángní and others went to Bìng Province to surrender. Qín Lǎng led his army back.19
Qín Lǎng appellation Yuánmíng was a Xīnxīng man.20 His father Qín Yílù had been sent by Lǚ Bù as an envoy to Yuán Shù, and Yuán Shù gave him a wife who was a Hàn Imperial Clan daughter. His previous wife lady Dù remained at Xiàpī. When Lǚ Bù was besieged, Guān Yǔ had repeatedly requested from Cáo Cāo to take the lady Dù as a wife. Cáo Cāo suspected she had beauty, and when the city fell, Cáo Cāo met her, and then personally accepted her. Qín Yílù returned to surrender and became Zhì Chief. When Liú Bèi fled Xiǎopèi, Zhāng Fēi accompanied him, passed by and said to Yìlú: “A man took your wife, but you serve him as a [county] Chief, why be an ignorant worm like this? Why not follow us and leave?” Qín Yílù followed them for several lǐ, regretted it and wished to return, and Zhāng Fēi killed him. Qín Lǎng accompanied his mother and was raised in Cáo Cāo’s Palace. Cáo Cāo extremely favored him, at every seating, saying to his retainers: “In the world is there anyone who loves his adopted son like me?”21 Qín Lǎng roamed among the sons of Cáo Cāo, served in the reigns of Cáo Cāo and Cáo Pī but was without exceptional accomplishment. When Cáo Ruì ascended the throne, Qín Lǎng was conferred with inner office position, became Valiant Cavalry General, Dispensing Affairs Internal. Every time the Imperial Carriage went out or in, Qín Lǎng always accompanied. At the time Cáo Ruì enjoyed deciding cases, repeatedly there were trivial crimes that yet reached capital punishment, Qín Lǎng to the end never remonstrated to stop, and also never once advanced a worthy person. Cáo Ruì also because of this was close with and loved him, always consulted him, often calling him by his childhood appellation Ā’Sū, repeatedly applying rewards and bestowments, for him raising a large mansion within the capital city walls. Though the Four Quarters all knew Qín Lǎng had no ability or use, yet because he was close with the Utmost Honored, many bribed him, and his wealth was comparable to the Dukes and Marquesses.22
Previously, Kǒng Guì was a flatterer intimate. Kǒng Guì appellation Shūlín was a Tiānshuǐ man. At the beginning of Jiàn’ān [196 - 220] he was repeatedly sent by General Yáng Qiū as an envoy to Cáo Cāo, and Cáo Cāo memorialized to appoint him a Cavalry Commandant. Kǒng Guì by nature flattered and fawned, excelled in games and kicking balls, and therefore Cáo Cāo favored him, always having him in the Left and Right, accompanying going in or out. Kǒng Guì observed Cáo Cāo’s feelings, and at times when he was happy took advantage to stop and twist explanations, and in many matters he was followed, repeatedly obtaining reward and bestowment. Many people bribed him, and Kǒng Guì because of this wore a Marquess’s clothing and ate with jade. Cáo Cāo both favored Kŏng Guì, and Cáo Pī and the other sons also all were close with him. Afterward, Kǒng Guì observed Cáo Cāo for a long time did not establish an Heir-Apparent and had intentions on Cáo Zhí, and therefore further became close and attached to Cáo Zhí and neglected Cáo Pī, and Cáo Pī extremely resented this. After Cáo Cāo died and Cáo Pī ascended the King’s throne, he had not decided on a punishment, and during Huángchū Inaugural Year [220], Kǒng Guì in accordance with precedent was transferred appointment to Attached Horse Commandant. But Kǒng Guì secretly accepted bribes of Western Region goods, agreeing to influence affairs. The matter was discovered, and Imperial Order arrested and investigated and therefore killed him.
Yú Huàn states: If those who would be a superior do not uselessly confer and those who would reside below do not uselessly accept, then afterward outside is without the sighs of cutting down hardwood trees, inside is without the stabbing of corpse cloth, Yōng Xī’s beauty is proven, Tàipíng’s law is clear. Yet the sorts of flatterer intimates, merely appease rulers of men, so that those without virtue are honored and those without achievement are rewarded, and if it is thus then does it not cause the correct and upright to daily be reduced, the biased and nefarious to increase and multiply? Even with Wǔ Huángdì’s [Cáo Cāo] caution in rewarding and Míng Huángdì’s [Cáo Ruì] wielding of law, yet there were still those like this, so were there those even worse?23
Sūn Quán had sent envoys Zhāng Mí, Xǔ Yàn and others to present gold and jade and rare treasures and enthrone Gōngsūn Yuān as King of Yān. Gōngsūn Yuān yet feared Sūn Quán was far away and could not be relied on, and moreover was greedy for gifts and treasures, and so enticed the envoys to arrive.24
Zhāng Mí and Xǔ Yàn and the others together arrived at Xiāngpíng, their office associates and followers about four hundred people. Gōngsūn Yuān wished to plot against Zhāng Mí and Xǔ Yàn, and in advance divided their multitudes, installing them in Liáodōng’s various counties, sending Qín Dàn, Zhāng Qún, Dù Dé, Huáng Jiāng and others and clerks and soldiers of sixty people to be installed in Xuántù prefecture.
Xuántù prefecture was to Liáodōng’s north, two hundred lǐ away, its Administrator Wáng Zàn managed households of two hundred, at most about three to four hundred people. Qín Dàn and the rest were all housed among the commoner families, depending on them for food and drink. After about forty days, Qín Dàn with Huáng Jiāng and the rest discussed: “We have distantly disgraced our state’s mandate and are abandoned here. What difference is there from death? Now observing this prefecture, their situation is extremely weak. If in one morning we unite hearts, burn the city walls, kill its chief clerks, to for our state avenge the disgrace, and afterward submit to death, it would be enough to be without regrets. Who wants to pointlessly live in disgrace as a prisoner?” Huáng Jiāng and the rest agreed with this. Therefore they secretly agreed to on the night of the Eighth Moon Nineteenth Day [233 October 9] set out. During that day, they were by someone in the group Zhāng Sōng reported, Wáng Zàn then gathered soldier multitudes and shut the city gates. Qín Dàn, Zhāng Qún, Dù Dé, Huáng Jiāng and the rest all went over the city walls and were able to flee.
At the time Zhāng Qún suffered a gangrene wound on his knee, and could not keep up with the rest. Dù Dé always supported him to walk together, through the rugged terrain and mountains and valleys. Walking six to seven hundred lǐ, the wound became increasingly serious, and he could no longer advance, lied down in the grasses, and watching each other they wept in grief. Zhāng Qún said: “By misfortune my wound is extreme, and will die within days. You sirs should quickly advance on the road and hope to reach somewhere. To in vain watch one another is to pointlessly die together in the valley. What benefit is there?” Dù Dé said: “Wandering abandoned over ten thousand lǐ, death or life we will share in it, we cannot bear to abandon one another.” Therefore he pushed Qín Dàn and Huáng Jiāng to continue ahead, Dù Dé alone remained to guard Zhāng Qún, collecting greens and fruits to feed him. A few days after Qín Dàn and Huáng Jiāng had separated, they were able to reach (Gāo) Gōulí, and therefore announce Imperial Order on the Gōulí King Gōng and his Registrars, the Imperial Order saying there would be bestowement of whatever they seized in attacking Liáodōng. Gōng and the rest were greatly pleased, and at once accepted the Imperial Order, and sent people to accompany Qín Dàn back to welcome Zhāng Qún and Dù Dé.
That year, Gōng sent Black Robes of twenty-five men to escort Qín Dàn and the rest back to Wú, and also presented memorial calling himself subject to Wú, tribute of mink furs of a thousand, pheasant skins of ten.25
Gāogoulí is to Liádōng’s east by a thousand lǐ, its south borders Cháoxiǎn and Huìmò, its east borders Wòjǔ, its north borders Fūyú, its capital is below Wándū, its area about two thousand lǐ, households thirty thousand. It has many large mountains and deep valleys, without springs and ponds. Along the mountain valleys they make residences, drinking from the mountain streams and rivers. They are without good farmland, and though they strenuously farm, it is not enough to fill mouth and belly, and their customs are frugal with food. They enjoy building palace residences, where they reside to the left and right they establish large rooms, sacrificing to ghosts, also sacrificing to spirit stars and the gods of soil and grain. Their people by nature are vicious and hasty, excelling in plunder and robbing. Their state has a King, their bureacracy has Chancellor Augmenters, Matching House, Bannermen, Fledgling Augmenters, Registrars, Terrace Deputies, Envoys, Black Robe Forerunners, high and low each having ranks.26
Gōulí King Gōng was originally named Wèigōng. His great-grandfather was named Gōng, and when born was able to open eyes and look, and the state’s people feared this, and when grown, he indeed was vicious and cruel, repeatedly plundering and robbing, and the state met with ruin. When Wèigōng was born and fell to the ground, he also was able to open eyes and look at people. Gōulí calls resemblance as Wèi, and as he resembled his ancestor, therefore named him Wèigōng.27
When Wèigōng’s great-grandfather Gōng was King of Gōulí during the reins of Hàn Emperors Shāng and Ān, he repeatedly plundered Liáodōng. When Gōng died, his son Bógù was enthroned, and during the reigns of Hàn Emperors Shùn and Huán also raided Liáodōng. Bógù died and left two sons, the elder son Báqí, the younger son Yīyímó. Báqí was unworthy, and the state’s people instead enthroned Yīyímó as King. Báqí resented being the elder brother and not being enthroned and led followers of over thirty thousand to surrender to Gōngsūn Yuān’s father Gōngsūn Kāng. Yīyímó begat Wèigōng.28
Twelfth Moon in Wèi [234 January 18 - February 15], Gōngsūn Yuān beheaded and sent the heads of Sūn Quán’s sent envoys Zhāng Mí and Xǔ Yàn to the capital.29
Previously, when the Wèi Court heard Gōngsūn Yuān had received from Sūn Quán title as King of Yān, commentators wished to detain Gōngsūn Yuān’s calculations official and send troops to suppress him. Cavalier Regular Attendant Liú Shào believed: “In the past Yuán Shàng and his brothers submitted to [Gōngsūn] Yuān’s father [Gōngsūn] Kāng, [Gōngsūn] Kāng cut off and sent their heads. This was [Gōngsūn] Yuān’s previous generation’s pledge of loyalty. Also, whether what is heard is false or true cannot yet be investigated and known. Of the ancients, for the desolate and not yet submitted, cultivating virtue and not campaigning was valuing the labors of the people. It is appropriate to apply generous pardon, to allow there to be self-renewal.” Later, Gōngsūn Yuān indeed beheaded and sent the heads of Sūn Quán’s envoy Zhāng Mí and others.30
Gōngsūn Yuān’s memorial said in part: “Your Servant formerly sent Colonel Sù Shū and Cadet Internal Director Sūn Zōng with sweet words and generous gifts to entice the Wú rebels. By good fortune and depending on Heaven’s Way to prosper and assist Great Wèi, it caused these rebel caitiff to be muddled and deceived, oppose his subordinates, not listen to the remonstrants of the masses, and continue to trust Your Servant’s words, distantly send boats and envoys, with many officers and soldiers, arriving to deliver fief and honors. What Your Servant had grasped was as originally intended, and though fearing punishment, I privately harbored fortunes most extreme. The rebel multitudes originally claimed to be ten thousand men, [Sù] Shū and [Sūn] Zōng spied and investigated, and found it could be seven to eight thousand men, arriving at Tàjīn. The false envoys Zhāng Mí and Xǔ Yàn with Internal Cadet General Wàn Tài and Colonel Péi Qián commanded four hundred men, presenting writtern orders and robes and assorted goods, to give down to Your Servant’s prefecture. [Wàn] Tài and [Péi] Qián separately delivered remaining goods, wishing to therefore purchase horses. Army commanders Hè Dá and Yú Zī managed the remaining multitudes in the boats. Your Servant wished to wait for the cold season and then capture [Zhāng] Mí and the rest, but [Zhāng] Mí and the rest’s men and troops were very numerous, and observing that Your Servant did not immediately accept Wú’s commands, their thoughts had misgivings. Fearing they would act first and dangerous changes appear, at once advanced troops to surround and capture, cutting off the heads of [Zhāng] Mí, [Xǔ] Yàn, [Wàn] Tài, Pèi [Qián] and others. Their officials and accompanying soldier masses all were squads of lesser men, sent about east and west, unable to act as they wished, and bound themselves to ask to surrender. Unable to bear killing them, at once I accepted and relocated them to fill the border cities. I separately sent officer Hán Qǐ and others to command the Three Armies, hurriedly going to reach Tà. Sending designate Chief Clerk Liǔ Yuǎn to set up Guest and Host rituals to entice and invite [Hé] Dá and [Yú] Zī, the Three Armies hid to wait for them to come down, and they also sent various horses and goods, wishing to with them trade. [Hé] Dá and [Yú] Zī were suspicious and did not come down, sending various trade purchasers of five to six hundred men down, wishing to trade. [Hán] Qǐ and the rest beat metal drums to begin the rousing, arrows chaotically fired, the beheaded were over three hundred, those wounded or fled into the waters and drowned could be over two hundred men, and those scattered and fled into mountains and valleys, came to surrender, or hide in exile and starved to death, cannot be counted. The captured silver seals, copper seals, weapons, supplies and goods, are uncountable. Solemnly send West Department Official Gōngsūn Héng to present and deliver the rebel [Sūn] Quán Lent to Your Servant, Staff, Seal and Ribbon, Talisman and Tally, Nine Bestowments, various goods, and [Zhāng] Mí and the rest’s false staffs, seals and ribbons, and heads.”
It also said: “Your Servant’s father [Gōngsūn] Kāng in the past killed [Sūn] Quán’s envoys, binding them in enmity and discord. Now then by deception, I had them send envoys and tempted them to arrive, causing [Sūn] Quán to overturn his heart and empty his state and exhaust his wealth, to distantly send his highest ministers, to give favor and utmost rank, shaking and disturbing the southern lands, to exhaustively prepare gifts.”
It also said: “But I had his four envoys killed, heads shown across ten thousand lǐ, their soldiers and armies wandering in destitution, slaughtered and killed on ford and islet, his shame and disgrace distantly spreads, pain and humiliation filling the heavens. [Sūn] Quán’s resentment and hatred will carve into his flesh and bones. If Heaven weakens his enterprise, causing it to reach to decline and downfall, [Sūn] Quán will die from the internal injury of indignation and outrage. If his fated time is not yet finished, he will spread venemous stings, and one certainly fears this long snake will come to plunder and harm. Xú Province’s various garrisons and Chéngyáng various prefectures are with him close and bordering. If there are boats and multitudes in later years heading toward Hǎimén, when obtaining the news, I beg it be quickly reported to Your Servant, to be able to prepare in advance.”
It also said: “Your Servant’s clan received favor truly deep and truly heavy. From since Your Servant carried on affairs onward, repeatedly I received glory and favor, unique and special beyond measure, and if there is failing I should exhaust strength to the death. But Your Servant was wild and foolish, intentions and plans confused and muddled, and did not promptly capture the rebels, to the extent of meeting with suspicion. As previous sections in the memorial explained of my feelings and the situation, truly it was only to wish to stop the damage of these rebels, to cause them to be trapped and cut off, truly I do not dare turn back on accumulated generations of kindness, and attach with usurping and thieving caitiffs.”
It also said: “Your Servant humbly ponders how to serve the state, and though I have exceptional transgressions, I also have exceptional achievements. May Your Majesty pardon the fault of overstepping authority, plunk out the fine hairs of goodness, employ the state’s grace, to protect and preserve end from beginning.”31
Central Manager of the Army Xiàhóu Xiàn memorialized in part: “Gōngsūn Yuān in previous years dared violate the Ruler’s Command, abandoning and cutting off plans for tribute, truly dealing with both sides. He relied on rugged terrain, and also depended on Sūn Quán. Therefore he dared be domineering, abandoning restraint beyond the seas. Formerly he personally observed the rebel [Sūn] Quán’s armies and treasury, and knew they were weak and few and insufficient to depend on, and therefore decided to behead the rebel envoys. Also Gāogōulí and Huìmò with [Gōngsūn] Yuān are enemies, and together they invade and plunder. Now outside he has lost Wú’s assistance, inside there are Hú plundering, his heart knows our state is able to follow land routes, and in this situation he cannot but harbor terrified fearful heart. Therefore at this time, it is appropriate to send envoy to explain to him disaster or fortune.”32
Wèi appointed Gōngsūn Yuān as Marshal-in-Chief and Duke of Lèláng,33 Wielding Staff to govern his prefecture as before.34
Wèi sent envoys Fù Róng and Niè Kuí to appoint Gōngsūn Yuān as Duke of Lèláng. Gōngsūn Yuān’s calculations clerk from Luòyáng returned and said to Gōngsūn Yuān: “For the envoys Zuǒ Jùnbó had them all select those with valor and strength, not ordinary men.” Gōngsūn Yuān because of this was suspicious and afraid. Fù Róng and Niè Kuí arrived, and stationed inside a school building.35 When the envoys arrived, Gōnsūn Yuān set up armored troops in army lines, and then went out to meet the envoys.36 Gōngsūn Yuān in advance had infantry and cavalry encircle the building, and then entered to receive the appointment. Fù Róng and Niè Kuí were greatly afraid, and because of this returned to Luòyáng and reported the situation.37
Gōngsūn Yuān had beheaded Zhāng Mí and the rest, sending their heads to Wèi, and seizing their troops and supplies. Sūn Quán was greatly furious, wishing to personally campaign against Gōngsūn Yuān.38 Sūn Quán angrily said: “Our years are sixty, of the world's affairs difficult or easy, none I have not experienced. Recently to have been by a rat deceived, causes a man’s spirit to froth like a mountain! To not personally cut off the rat’s head to throw into the sea is to be without face to again lead the myriad states. Even if it leads to hardship, it would not be a regret!”39 Secretariat Writers Deputy Director Xuē Zōng and others harshly remonstrated and so he stopped.40
After Gōngsūn Yuān killed Zhāng Mí and Xǔ Yàn, Sūn Quán repeatedly apologized to Zhāng Zhāo, Zhāng Zhāo stubbornly would not rise, and Sūn Quán therefore personally went out to Zhāng Zhāo’s gates to call on Zhāng Zhāo. Zhāng Zhāo declined claiming his illness was serious. Sūn Quán burned Zhāng Zhāo’s outer gates wishing to frighten him. Zhāng Zhāo further shut the inner doors. Sūn Quán sent someone to put out the fire, and stayed at the gates for a long time. Zhāng Zhāo’s various sons together lifted Zhāng Zhāo to rise, and Sūn Quán had him brought in a carriage back to the Palace, extremely humbling and blaming himself. Zhāng Zhāo could not but accept and afterward attended Court meetings.41
Previously, Qín Dàn and others had accompanied Zhāng Mí and Xǔ Yàn to Liáodōng, but had escaped to Gōulí, and the Gōulí King Gōng sent Qín Dàn and others back to Wú with tribute and memorial calling himself a subject of Wú. Qín Dàn and the rest met with Sūn Quán, both grieved and joyous and unable to contain it. Sūn Quán praised them, appointing them all Colonels. Within a year, he sent envoy Xiè Hóng and Central Writer Chén Xún to appoint Gōng as a Chányú, and further bestow clothes and rare treasures.42
That year in Wèi, Mǎn Chǒng had sent up memorial that said: “Héféi city walls to the south overlook the Jiāng and Hú, to the north is far from Shòuchūn. The rebels in attacking and besieging it, are able to occupy the water as their strength. Government troops in rescuing it must first defeat the rebel’s main group and only afterward the encirclement is able to be resolved. The rebels in going is extremely easy, but the troops in going to rescue it is extremely difficult. It is appropriate to relocate the troops in the city. To the west by thirty lǐ there is unique terrain that can be depended on, and to further establish a walled city to firmly defend, this would draw out the rebels onto flat ground and drag their return road. For planning it is a convenience.”
Protector of the Army General Jiǎng Jì believed: “It would show weakness to Heaven’s Under, and also to on seeing rebel smoke then destroy city, this is to be without being attacked and yet on one’s own withdraw. If it reaches to this, the plundering would be unrestrained, and certainly cause the Huái’s north to become the defense line.” The Emperor did not give permission to Mǎn Chǒng.
Mǎn Chǒng again memorialized: “The Sūn-zǐ said warfare is a contradictory path; therefore when able yet show them weakness and being unable, attract them with advantages, manifest them with intimidation. This is that shape and truth do not necessarily correspond with one another. It also says: ‘For enemies that excel in movement, shape them.’ Now when the rebels have not yet arrived to yet move the city back to the interior, this is what is called shaping and enticing them. Drawing the rebels to be far from the water, is to select advantage and move, raising to gain the exterior, then fortune is produced in the interior.”
Secretariat Writer Zhào Zī believed Mǎn Chǒng’s strategy was superior, and Imperial Order therefore replied with permission, building Héféi’s Xīnchéng “New City.”
That year, Sūn Quán personally set out, wishing to besiege Xīnchéng, and as it was far from the water, for twenty days he did not dare descend from his boats. Mǎn Chǒng said to the various officers: “[Sūn] Quán finding we have moved the city, certainly will among his multitudes have boastful words, now in greatly mobilizing to come wishing for a decisive achievement, though he does not dare arrive, certainly he send dazzling troops ashore to show he has abundance.” Then he secretly sent infantry and cavalry of six thousand, hidden in Féichéng secret positions to wait for them. Sūn Quán indeed sent dazzling troops ashore, Mǎn Chǒng’s ambush army suddenly rose and struck then, beheading several hundred, some fled into the waters and died.43
That year, Sūn Quán had headed toward Héféi Xīnchéng, sending General Quán Cóng to campaign against Lù’ān, both were not successful and returned.44
That winter in Shǔ, Zhūgě Liàng had the various armies transport rice, collecting at Xiégǔ’s mouth, building Xiégǔ Supply Depot.45
That year in Shǔ, the southern Yí Liú Zhòu had rebelled, General Mǎ Zhōng defeated and pacified him.46
Mǎ Zhōng appellation Déxìn was a Bāxī Lángzhōng man. When young he was raised by his maternal family, family name Hú, personal name Dǔ. Later he returned to his original family name and changed his personal name to Zhōng. He became a prefecture official, at Jiàn’ān’s end was nominated as Filial and Incorruptible, sent out as Hànchāng Chief. When Liú Bei went on eastern campaign and was utterly defeated at Xiāotíng [in 222], Bāxī Administrator Yán Zhī mobilized from the various counties soldiers of five thousand men to fill the openings, sending Mǎ Zhōng to lead them. Liú Bèi had already returned to Yǒng’ān, met Mǎ Zhōng and spoke with him, and said to Secretariat Writers Director Liú Bā: “Though we lost Huáng Quán, to further obtain Hú Dǔ, this is the world not lacking worthies.” Jiànxīng Inaugural Year [223], Assistant Chancellor Zhūgě Liàng Opened Office and appointed Mǎ Zhōng as his Gate Commander. Third Year [225], Zhūgě Liàng entered the south, appointing Mǎ Zhōng as Zāngkē Administrator. Prefecture deputy Zhū Bāo rebelled. After the rebellion, Mǎ Zhōng comforted and nurtured and gave relief, extremely having prestige and kindness. Eighth Year [230], Mǎ Zhōng was summoned to Assistant Chancellor’s Advisor to the Army, second to Chief Clerk Jiǎng Wǎn in managing the Remaining Office affairs. He was also designate Provincial Internal Manager Attending Official. The next year [231], Zhūgě Liàng set out to Qíshān, Mǎ Zhōng went to visit Zhūgě Liàng’s location, managing the camps and military affairs. When the army returned, he commanded General Zhāng Nì and others to suppress Wènshān prefecture’s rebelling Qiāng. Eleventh Year, southern Yí powerful leader Liú Shòu rebelled, disturbing the various prefectures. Summoned back Láixiáng Regional Commander Zhāng Yì and had Mǎ Zhōng succeed Zhāng Yì. Mǎ Zhōng therefore beheaded Liú Zhòu, pacifying the southern lands. Added on Mǎ Zhōng offices as Supervisor of the Army and Exerting Authority General, enfeoffed Bóyáng precinct Marquess.
Previously, Jiànníng prefecture killed its Administrator Zhèng Áng and bound its Administrator Zhāng Yì to send to Wú, the former Regional Commanders always stationed at Píngyí county. Reaching to Mǎ Zhōng becoming Commander, he then moved headquarters to Wèi county, residing among the people and the Yí. Also Yuèxī prefecture also had for a long time lost its territory, Mǎ Zhōng led and commanded the Administrator Zhāng Nì to open and restore the old prefecture, and because of this Mǎ Zhōng was added Securing South General, advanced in fief to Péngxiāng precinct Marquess.47
Zhāng Nì appellation Bóqí was a Bā prefecture Nánchōng state man.48 He came from poverty, but from youth had magnanimous and heroic integrity.49 When capped he became a county Merit Department Official. During the time that Liú Bèi was settling Shǔ, mountain bandits attacked the county, and the county Chief abandoned his family to flee. Zhāng Nì braved bare blades, carrying on his back the Chief’s wife, and the wife was able to escape. From this he became famed, the province recruited him as an Attending Official. At the time in the prefecture there were servicemen Gōng Lù and Yáo Zhòu ranked at two thousand shí, at the time having famed reputation, and both with Zhāng Nì were friendly. Previously in Jiànxīng Fifth Year [227], when Assistant Chancellor Zhūgě Liàng went north to station Hànzhōng, Guǎnghàn and Miánzhú mountain bandits Zhāng Mù and others plundered and robbed military supplies, stealing and ransacking from officials and people, Zhāng Nì as Commandant led troops to suppress them. Zhāng Nì judged that they were scattered like birds, difficult to capture in battle, and so falsely offered peace alliance, determining a date to set liquor for a meeting. After they were intoxicated, Zhāng Nì personally led his Left and Right to take advantage and cut off the heads of Zhāng Mù and others of over fifty, the powerful leaders all exterminated. Zhāng Nì searched for the remnants, and in ten days it was purified and peaceful. Later he fell critically ill, his family was poor and lacking. Guǎnghàn Administrator Shǔ prefecture’s Hé Zhī was famed for generosity, Zhāng Nì formerly had not been close with him, but himself went in carriage to visit Hé Zhī to entrust himself for treating the illness. Hé Zhī poured out wealth for medical treatment, and in several years Zhāng Nì recovered. His associating with faith and righteousness was all of this sort. Later he was appointed Ivory Gate General, subordinate to Mǎ Zhōng, to the north suppressing Wènshān rebelling Qiāng, to the south pacifying the four prefectures’ Mányí, at once having achievements of planning strategies and battle successes.50
That year in Wèi, Bìng Province Inspector Bì Guǐ sent someone claiming to be Hàn’s former Crossing the Liáo General Fàn Míngyǒu’s Xiānbēi slave, aged three hundred fifty years, speaking and eating and drinking like an ordinary person. The slave said: “Huò’s Xiǎn was [Huò] Guāng’s later lesser wife. [Fàn] Míngyǒu’s wife was [Huò] Guāng’s previous wife’s daughter.”51
At the time in the Wèi capital there was a man, his family name and personal name lost, who ate as much as over ten people, and therefore was so fat as to be unable to move. His father once had been a chief clerk in a distant region, and the government sent him to that county, and the Magistrate due to the former relationship provided for and fed him. Within one to two years, an entire village because of this had to be frugal.52
At that time in Tàiyuán a burial mound was excavated and the coffin broken, and in the coffin there was a living woman. Taking her out and speaking with her, she was a living person. She was sent to the capital, asked about her origins, and she did not know. Observing the trees above the burial mound they could be thirty years old. Was this woman always alive underground for thirty years? Will one morning there be a crash and appear a mate for the woman from the burial mound?53
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》冬十月，魏遼東太守公孫淵遣校尉宿舒、閬中令孫綜稱藩於權，并獻貂馬。權大悅，加淵爵位。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》二年春正月，詔曰：「朕以不德，肇受元命，夙夜兢兢，不遑假寢。思平世難，救濟黎庶，上答神祗，下慰民望。是以眷眷，勤求俊傑，將與戮力，共定海內，苟在同心，與之偕老。今使持節督幽州領青州牧遼東太守燕王，久脅賊虜，隔在一方，雖乃心於國，其路靡緣。今因天命，遠遣二使，款誠顯露，章表殷勤，朕之得此，何喜如之！雖湯遇伊尹，周獲呂望，世祖未定而得河右，方之今日，豈復是過？普天一統，於是定矣。書不云乎，『一人有慶，兆民賴之』。其大赦天下，與之更始，其明下州郡，咸使聞知。特下燕國，奉宣詔恩，令普天率土備聞斯慶。」
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》青龍元年春正月甲申，青龍見郟之摩陂井中。二月丁酉，幸摩陂觀龍，於是改年；改摩陂為龍陂，賜男子爵人二級，鰥寡孤獨無出今年租賦。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》三月，遣舒、綜還，使太常張彌、執金吾許晏、將軍賀達等將兵萬人，金寶珍貨，九錫備物，乘海授淵。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》舉朝大臣，自丞相雍已下皆諫，以為淵未可信，而寵待太厚，但可遣吏兵數百護送舒、綜，權終不聽。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》江表傳載權詔曰：「故魏使持節車騎將軍遼東太守平樂侯：天地失序，皇極不建，元惡大憝，作害于民，海內分崩，群生堙滅，雖周餘黎民，靡有孑遺，方之今日，亂有甚焉。朕受曆數，君臨萬國，夙夜戰戰，念在弭難，若涉淵水，罔知攸濟。是以把旄仗鉞，翦除凶虐，自東徂西，靡遑寧處，苟力所及，民無災害。雖賊虜遺種，未伏辜誅，猶繫囚枯木，待時而斃。惟將軍天姿特達，兼包文武，觀時睹變，審於去就，踰越險阻，顯致赤心，肇建大計，為天下先，元勳巨績，侔於古人。雖昔竇融背棄隴右，卒占河西，以定光武，休名美實，豈復是過？欽嘉雅尚，朕實欣之。自古聖帝明王，建化垂統，以爵褒德，以祿報功；功大者祿厚，德盛者禮崇。故周公有夾輔之勞，太師有鷹揚之功，並啟土宇，兼受備物。今將軍規萬年之計，建不世之略，絕僭逆之虜，順天人之肅，濟成洪業，功無與比，齊魯之事，奚足言哉！詩不云乎，『無言不讎，無德不報』。今以幽、青二州十七郡〔百〕七十縣，封君為燕王，使持節守太常張彌授君璽綬策書、金虎符第一至第五、竹使符第一至第十。錫君玄土，苴以白茅，爰契爾龜，用錫冢社。方有戎事，典統兵馬，以大將軍曲蓋麾幢，督幽州、青州牧遼東太守如故。今加君九錫，其敬聽後命。以君三世相承，保綏一方，寧集四郡，訓及異俗，民夷安業，無或攜貳，是用錫君大輅、戎輅、玄牡二駟。君務在勸農，嗇人成功，倉庫盈積，官民俱豐，是用錫君袞冕之服，赤舄副焉。君正化以德，敬下以禮，敦義崇謙，內外咸和，是用錫君軒縣之樂。君宣導休風，懷保邊遠，遠人迴面，莫不影附，是用錫君朱戶以居，君運其才略，官方任賢，顯直錯枉，群善必舉，是用錫君虎賁之士百人。君戎馬整齊，威震遐方，糾虔天刑，彰厥有罪，是用錫君鈇鉞各一。君文和於內，武信於外，禽討逆節，折衝掩難，是用錫君彤弓一、彤矢百、玈弓十、玈矢千。君忠勤有效，溫恭為德，明允篤誠，感于朕心，是用錫君秬鬯一卣，珪瓚副焉。欽哉！敬茲訓典，寅亮天工，相我國家，永終爾休。」
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》臣松以為權愎諫違眾，信淵意了，非有攻伐之規，重複之慮。宣達錫命，乃用萬人，是何不愛其民，昏虐之甚乎？此役也，非惟闇塞，實為無道。
《陳壽·吳志七·張昭傳》權以公孫淵稱藩，遣張彌、許晏至遼東拜淵為燕王，昭諫曰：「淵背魏懼討，遠來求援，非本志也。若淵改圖，欲自明於魏，兩使不反，不亦取笑於天下乎？」權與相反覆，昭意彌切。權不能堪，案刀而怒曰：「吳國士人入宮則拜孤，出宮則拜君，孤之敬君，亦為至矣，而數於眾中折孤，孤嘗恐失計。」昭熟視權曰：「臣雖知言不用，每竭愚忠者，誠以太后臨崩，呼老臣於床下，遺詔顧命之言故在耳。」因涕泣橫流。權擲刀致地，與昭對泣。然卒遣彌、晏往。昭忿言之不用，稱疾不朝。權恨之，土塞其門，昭又於內以土封之。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》三月甲子，詔公卿舉賢良篤行之士各一人。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》夏五月壬申，詔祀故大將軍夏侯惇、大司馬曹仁、車騎將軍程昱於太祖廟庭。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》魏書載詔曰：「昔先王之禮，於功臣存則顯其爵祿，沒則祭於大蒸，故漢氏功臣，祀於廟庭。大魏元功之臣功勳優著，終始休明者，其皆依禮祀之。」於是以惇等配饗。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》戊寅，北海王蕤薨。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》閏月庚寅朔，日有蝕之。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》丁酉，改封宗室女非諸王女皆為邑主。詔諸郡國山川不在祠典者勿祠。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》六月，洛陽宮鞠室災。
《陳壽·魏志二十五·辛毗傳》帝方脩殿舍，百姓勞役，毗上疏曰：「竊聞諸葛亮講武治兵，而孫權巿馬遼東，量其意指，似欲相左右。備豫不虞，古之善政，而今者宮室大興，加連年穀麥不收。詩云：『民亦勞止，迄可小康，惠此中國，以綏四方。』唯陛下為社稷計。」帝報曰：「二虜未滅而治宮室，直諫者立名之時也。夫王者之都，當及民勞兼辦，使後世無所復增，是蕭何為漢規摹之略也。今卿為魏重臣，亦宜解其大歸。」帝又欲平北芒，令於其上作臺觀，則見孟津。毗諫曰：「天地之性，高高下下，今而反之，既非其理；加以損費人功，民不堪役。且若九河盈溢，洪水為害，而丘陵皆夷，將何以禦之？」帝乃止。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》保塞鮮卑大人步度根與叛鮮卑大人軻比能私通，并州刺史畢軌表，輒出軍以外威比能，內鎮步度根。帝省表曰：「步度根以為比能所誘，有自疑心。今軌出軍，適使二部驚合為一，何所威鎮乎？」促敕軌，以出軍者慎勿越塞過句注也。比詔書到，軌以進軍屯陰館，遣將軍蘇尚、董弼追鮮卑。比能遣子將千餘騎迎步度根部落，與尚、弼相遇，戰於樓煩，二將〔敗〕沒。步度根部落皆叛出塞，與比能合寇邊。遣驍騎將軍秦朗將中軍討之，虜乃走漠北。
《陳壽·魏志三十·鮮卑傳》至青龍元年，比能誘納步度根，使叛并州，與結和親，自勒萬騎迎其累重於陘北。并州刺史畢軌遣將軍蘇尚、董弼等擊之，比能遣子將騎與尚等會戰於樓煩，臨陳害尚、弼。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》秋九月，安定保塞匈奴大人胡薄居姿職等叛，司馬宣王遣將軍胡遵等追討，破降之。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》冬十月，步度根部落大人戴胡阿狼泥等詣并州降，朗引軍還。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》魏氏春秋曰：朗字元明，新興人。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》獻帝傳曰：朗父名宜祿，為呂布使詣袁術，術妻以漢宗室女。其前妻杜氏留下邳。布之被圍，關羽屢請於太祖，求以杜氏為妻，太祖疑其有色，及城陷，太祖見之，乃自納之。宜祿歸降，以為銍長。及劉備走小沛，張飛隨之，過謂宜祿曰：「人取汝妻，而為之長，乃蚩蚩若是邪！隨我去乎？」宜祿從之數里，悔欲還，飛殺之。朗隨母氏畜于公宮，太祖甚愛之，每坐席，謂賓客曰：「世有人愛假子如孤者乎？」
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》魏略曰：朗游遨諸侯間，歷武、文之世而無尤也。及明帝即位，授以內官，為驍騎將軍、給事中，每車駕出入，朗常隨從。時明帝喜發舉，數有以輕微而致大辟者，朗終不能有所諫止，又未嘗進一善人，帝亦以是親愛；每顧問之，多呼其小字阿穌，數加賞賜，為起大第於京城中。四方雖知朗無能為益，猶以附近至尊，多賂遺之，富均公侯。世語曰：朗子秀，勁厲能直言，為晉武帝博士。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》魏略以朗與孔桂俱在佞倖篇。桂字叔林，天水人也。建安初，數為將軍楊秋使詣太祖，太祖表拜騎都尉。桂性便辟，曉博弈、蹹鞠，故太祖愛之，每在左右，出入隨從。桂察太祖意，喜樂之時，因言次曲有所陳，事多見從，數得賞賜，人多餽遺，桂由此侯服玉食。太祖既愛桂，五官將及諸侯亦皆親之。其後桂見太祖久不立太子，而有意於臨菑侯，因更親附臨菑侯而簡於五官將，將甚銜之。及太祖薨，文帝即王位，未及致其罪。黃初元年，隨例轉拜駙馬都尉。而桂私受西域貨賂，許為人事。事發，有詔收問，遂殺之。魚豢曰：為上者不虛授，處下者不虛受，然後外無伐檀之歎，內無尸素之刺，雍熙之美著，太平之律顯矣。而佞倖之徒，但姑息人主，至乃無德而榮，無功而祿，如是焉得不使中正日朘，傾邪滋多乎！以武皇帝之慎賞，明皇帝之持法，而猶有若此等人，而況下斯者乎？
《陳壽·魏志八·公孫度傳》權遣使張彌、許晏等，齎金玉珍寶，立淵為燕王。淵亦恐權遠不可恃，且貪貨物，誘致其使，悉斬送彌、晏等首，明帝於是拜淵大司馬，封樂浪公，持節、領郡如故。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》吳書曰：初，張彌、許晏等俱到襄平，官屬從者四百許人。淵欲圖彌、晏，先分其人眾，置遼東諸縣，以中使秦旦、張群、杜德、黃疆等及吏兵六十人，置玄菟郡。玄菟郡在遼東北，相去二百里，太守王贊領戶二百，兼重可三四百人。旦等皆舍於民家，仰其飲食。積四十許日，旦與疆等議曰：「吾人遠辱國命，自棄於此，與死亡何異？今觀此郡，形勢甚弱。若一旦同心，焚燒城郭，殺其長吏，為國報恥，然後伏死，足以無恨。孰與偷生苟活長為囚虜乎？」疆等然之。於是陰相約結，當用八月十九日夜發。其日中時，為部中張松所告，贊便會士眾閉城門。旦、群、德、疆等皆踰城得走。時群病疽創著膝，不及輩旅，德常扶接與俱，崎嶇山谷。行六七百里，創益困，不復能前，臥草中，相守悲泣。群曰：「吾不幸創甚，死亡無日，卿諸人宜速進道，冀有所達。空相守，俱死於窮谷之中，何益也？」德曰：「萬里流離，死生共之，不忍相委。」於是推旦、疆使前，德獨留守群，捕菜果食之。旦、疆別數日，得達句驪（王宮），因宣詔於句驪王宮及其主簿，詔言有賜為遼東所攻奪。宮等大喜，即受詔，命使人隨旦還迎群、德。其年，宮遣皂衣二十五人送旦等還，奉表稱臣，貢貂皮千枚，鶡雞皮十具。旦等見權，悲喜不能自勝。權義之，皆拜校尉。閒一年，遣使者謝宏、中書陳恂拜宮為單于，加賜衣物珍寶。恂等到安平口，先遣校尉陳奉前見宮，而宮受魏幽州刺史諷旨，令以吳使自效。奉聞之，倒還。宮遣主簿笮咨、帶固等出安平，與宏相見。宏即縛得三十餘人質之，宮於是謝罪，上馬數百匹。宏乃遣咨、固奉詔書賜物與宮。是時宏船小，載馬八十匹而還。
《陳壽·魏志三十·高句麗傳》高句麗在遼東之東千里，南與朝鮮、濊貊，東與沃沮，北與夫餘接。都於丸都之下，方可二千里，戶三萬。多大山深谷，無原澤。隨山谷以為居，食澗水。無良田，雖力佃作，不足以實口腹。其俗節食，好治宮室，於所居之左右立大屋，祭鬼神，又祀靈星、社稷。其人性凶急，善寇鈔。其國有王，其官有相加、對盧、沛者、古雛加、主簿、優台丞、使者、皁衣先人，尊卑各有等級。
《陳壽·魏志三十·高句麗傳》伊夷模無子，淫灌奴部，生子名位宮。伊夷模死，立以為王，今句麗王宮是也。其曾祖名宮，生能開目視，其國人惡之，及長大，果凶虐，數寇鈔，國見殘破。今王生墮地，亦能開目視人。句麗呼相似為位，似其祖，故名之為位宮。位宮有力勇，便鞍馬，善獵射。
《陳壽·魏志三十·高句麗傳》至殤、安之間，句麗王宮數寇遼東，更屬玄菟。遼東太守蔡風、玄菟太守姚光以宮為二郡害，興師伐之。宮詐降請和，二郡不進。宮密遣軍攻玄菟，焚燒候城，入遼隧，殺吏民。後宮復犯遼東，蔡風輕將吏士追討之，軍敗沒。宮死，子伯固立。順、桓之間，復犯遼東，寇新安、居鄉，又攻西安平，于道上殺帶方令，略得樂浪太守妻子。靈帝建寧二年，玄菟太守耿臨討之，斬首虜數百級，伯固降，屬遼東。（嘉）〔熹〕平中，伯固乞屬玄菟。公孫度之雄海東也，伯固遣大加優居、主簿然人等助度擊富山賊，破之。伯固死，有二子，長子拔奇，小子伊夷模。拔奇不肖，國人便共立伊夷模為王。自伯固時，數寇遼東，又受亡胡五百餘家。建安中，公孫康出軍擊之，破其國，焚燒邑落。拔奇怨為兄而不得立，與涓奴加各將下戶三萬餘口詣康降，還住沸流水。降胡亦叛伊夷模，伊夷模更作新國，今日所在是也。拔奇遂往遼東，有子留句麗國，今古雛加駮位居是也。其後復擊玄菟，玄菟與遼東合擊，大破之。伊夷模無子，淫灌奴部，生子名位宮。伊夷模死，立以為王，今句麗王宮是也。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》十二月，公孫淵斬送孫權所遣使張彌、許晏首，以淵為大司馬樂浪公。
《陳壽·魏志二十一·劉劭傳》遷散騎常侍。時聞公孫淵受孫權燕王之號，議者欲留淵計吏，遣兵討之，劭以為「昔袁尚兄弟歸淵父康，康斬送其首，是淵先世之效忠也。又所聞虛實，未可審知。古者要荒未服，脩德而不征，重勞民也。宜加寬貸，使有以自新。」後淵果斬送權使張彌等首。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志八·公孫度傳》魏略載淵表曰：「臣前遣校尉宿舒、郎中令孫綜，甘言厚禮，以誘吳賊。幸賴天道福助大魏，使此賊虜暗然迷惑，違戾群下，不從眾諫，承信臣言，遠遣船使，多將士卒，來致封拜。臣之所執，得如本志，雖憂罪釁，私懷幸甚。賊眾本號萬人，舒、綜伺察，可七八千人，到沓津。偽使者張彌、許晏與中郎將萬泰、校尉裴潛將吏兵四百餘人，齎文書命服什物，下到臣郡。泰、潛別齎致遺貨物，欲因市馬。軍將賀達、虞咨領餘眾在船所。臣本欲須涼節乃取彌等，而彌等人兵眾多，見臣不便承受吳命，意有猜疑。懼其先作，變態妄生，即進兵圍取，斬彌、晏、泰、潛等首級。其吏從兵眾，皆士伍小人，給使東西，不得自由，面縛乞降，不忍誅殺，輒聽納受，徙充邊城。別遣將韓起等率將三軍，馳行至沓。使領長史柳遠設賓主禮誘請達、咨，三軍潛伏以待其下，又驅群馬貨物，欲與交市。達、咨懷疑不下，使諸市買者五六百人下，欲交市。起等金鼓始震，鋒矢亂發，斬首三百餘級，被創赴水沒溺者可二百餘人，其散走山谷，來歸降及藏竄飢餓死者，不在數中。得銀印、銅印、兵器、資貨，不可勝數。謹遣西曹掾公孫珩奉送賊權所假臣節、印綬、符策、九錫、什物，及彌等偽節、印綬、首級。」又曰：「宿舒、孫綜前到吳，賊權問臣家內小大，舒、綜對臣有三息，脩別屬亡弟。權敢姦巧，便擅拜命。謹封送印綬、符策。臣雖無昔人洗耳之風，慚為賊權汙損所加，既行天誅，猶有餘忿。」又曰：「臣父康，昔殺權使，結為讎隙。今乃譎欺，遺使誘致，令權傾心，虛國竭祿，遠命上卿，寵授極位，震動南土，備盡禮數。又權待舒、綜，契闊委曲，君臣上下，畢歡竭情。而令四使見殺，梟示萬里，士眾流離，屠戮津渚，慚恥遠布，痛辱彌天。權之怨疾，將刻肌骨。若天衰其業，使至喪隕，權將內傷憤激而死。若期運未訖，將播毒螫，必恐長蛇來為寇害。徐州諸屯及城陽諸郡，與相接近，如有船眾後年向海門，得其消息，乞速告臣，使得備豫。」又曰：「臣門戶受恩，實深實重，自臣承攝即事以來，連被榮寵，殊特無量，分當隕越，竭力致死。而臣狂愚，意計迷闇，不即禽賊，以至見疑。前章表所陳情趣事勢，實但欲罷弊此賊，使困自絕，誠不敢背累世之恩，附僭盜之虜也。而後愛憎之人，緣事加誣，偽生節目，卒令明聽疑於市虎，移恩改愛，興動威怒，幾至沈沒，長為負忝。幸賴慈恩，猶垂三宥，使得補過，解除愆責。如天威遠加，不見假借，早當麋碎，辱先廢祀，何緣自明，建此微功。臣既喜於事捷，得自申展，悲於疇昔，至此變故，餘怖踊躍，未敢便寧。唯陛下既崇春日生全之仁，除忿塞隙，抑弭纖介，推今亮往，察臣本心，長令抱戴，銜分三泉。」又曰：「臣被服光榮，恩情未報，而以罪釁，自招譴怒，分當即戮，為眾社戒。所以越典詭常，偽通於吳，誠自念窮迫，報效未立，而為天威督罰所加，長恐奄忽不得自洗。故敢自闕替廢於一年，遣使誘吳，知其必來，權之求郡，積有年歲，初無倡答一言之應，今權得使，來必不疑，至此一舉，果如所規，上卿大眾，翕赫豐盛，財貨賂遺，傾國極位，到見禽取，流離死亡，千有餘人，滅絕不反。此誠暴猾賊之鋒，摧矜夸之巧，昭示天下，破損其業，足以慚之矣。臣之慺慺念效於國，雖有非常之過，亦有非常之功，願陛下原其踰闕之愆，采其亳毛之善，使得國恩，保全終始矣。」
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志八·公孫度傳》魏名臣奏載中領軍夏侯獻表曰：「公孫淵昔年敢違王命，廢絕計貢者，實挾兩端。既恃阻險，又怙孫權。故敢跋扈，恣睢海外。宿舒親見賊權軍眾府庫，知其弱少不足憑恃，是以決計斬賊之使。又高句麗、濊貊與淵為仇，並為寇鈔。今外失吳援，內有胡寇，心知國家能從陸道，勢不得不懷惶懼之心。因斯之時，宜遣使示以禍福。奉車都尉鬷弘，武皇帝時始奉使命，開通道路。文皇帝即位，欲通使命，遣弘將妻子還歸鄉里，賜其車、牛，絹百匹。弘以受恩，歸死國朝，無有還意，乞留妻子，身奉使命。公孫康遂稱臣妾。以弘奉使稱意，賜爵關內侯。弘性果烈，乃心於國，夙夜拳拳，念自竭效。冠族子孫，少好學問，博通書記，多所關涉，口論速捷，辯而不俗，附依典誥，若出胸臆，加仕本郡，常在人右，彼方士人素所敬服。若當遣使，以為可使弘行。弘乃自舊土，習其國俗，為說利害，辯足以動其意，明足以見其事，才足以行之，辭足以見信。若其計從，雖酈生之降齊王，陸賈之說尉佗，亦無以遠過也。欲進遠路，不宜釋騏驥；將已篤疾，不宜廢扁鵲。願察愚言也。」
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》十二月，公孫淵斬送孫權所遣使張彌、許晏首，以淵為大司馬樂浪公。
《陳壽·魏志八·公孫度傳》明帝於是拜淵大司馬，封樂浪公，持節、領郡如故。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志八·公孫度傳》吳書曰：魏遣使者傅容、聶夔拜淵為樂浪公。淵計吏從洛陽還，語淵曰：「使者左駿伯，使皆擇勇力者，非凡人也。」淵由是疑怖。容、夔至，住學館中。淵先以步騎圍之，乃入受拜。容、夔大怖，由是還洛言狀。
《陳壽·魏志八·公孫度傳》使者至，淵設甲兵為軍陳，出見使者，又數對國中賓客出惡言。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志八·公孫度傳》吳書曰：魏遣使者傅容、聶夔拜淵為樂浪公。淵計吏從洛陽還，語淵曰：「使者左駿伯，使皆擇勇力者，非凡人也。」淵由是疑怖。容、夔至，住學館中。淵先以步騎圍之，乃入受拜。容、夔大怖，由是還洛言狀。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》淵果斬彌等，送其首于魏，沒其兵資。權大怒，欲自征淵。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》江表傳載權怒曰：「朕年六十，世事難易，靡所不嘗，近為鼠子所前卻，令人氣湧如山。不自載鼠子頭以擲于海，無顏復臨萬國。就令顛沛，不以為恨。」
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》淵果斬彌等，送其首于魏，沒其兵資。權大怒，欲自征淵，尚書僕射薛綜等切諫乃止。
《陳壽·吳志七·張昭傳》淵果殺彌、晏。權數慰謝昭，昭固不起，權因出過其門呼昭，昭辭疾篤。權燒其門，欲以恐之，昭更閉戶。權使人滅火，住門良久，昭諸子共扶昭起，權載以還宮，深自克責。昭不得已，然後朝會。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》吳書曰：初，張彌、許晏等俱到襄平，官屬從者四百許人。淵欲圖彌、晏，先分其人眾，置遼東諸縣，以中使秦旦、張群、杜德、黃疆等及吏兵六十人，置玄菟郡。玄菟郡在遼東北，相去二百里，太守王贊領戶二百，兼重可三四百人。旦等皆舍於民家，仰其飲食。積四十許日，旦與疆等議曰：「吾人遠辱國命，自棄於此，與死亡何異？今觀此郡，形勢甚弱。若一旦同心，焚燒城郭，殺其長吏，為國報恥，然後伏死，足以無恨。孰與偷生苟活長為囚虜乎？」疆等然之。於是陰相約結，當用八月十九日夜發。其日中時，為部中張松所告，贊便會士眾閉城門。旦、群、德、疆等皆踰城得走。時群病疽創著膝，不及輩旅，德常扶接與俱，崎嶇山谷。行六七百里，創益困，不復能前，臥草中，相守悲泣。群曰：「吾不幸創甚，死亡無日，卿諸人宜速進道，冀有所達。空相守，俱死於窮谷之中，何益也？」德曰：「萬里流離，死生共之，不忍相委。」於是推旦、疆使前，德獨留守群，捕菜果食之。旦、疆別數日，得達句驪（王宮），因宣詔於句驪王宮及其主簿，詔言有賜為遼東所攻奪。宮等大喜，即受詔，命使人隨旦還迎群、德。其年，宮遣皂衣二十五人送旦等還，奉表稱臣，貢貂皮千枚，鶡雞皮十具。旦等見權，悲喜不能自勝。權義之，皆拜校尉。閒一年，遣使者謝宏、中書陳恂拜宮為單于，加賜衣物珍寶。恂等到安平口，先遣校尉陳奉前見宮，而宮受魏幽州刺史諷旨，令以吳使自效。奉聞之，倒還。宮遣主簿笮咨、帶固等出安平，與宏相見。宏即縛得三十餘人質之，宮於是謝罪，上馬數百匹。宏乃遣咨、固奉詔書賜物與宮。是時宏船小，載馬八十匹而還。
《陳壽·魏志二十六·滿寵傳》青龍元年，寵上疏曰：「合肥城南臨江湖，北遠壽春，賊攻圍之，得據水為勢；官兵救之，當先破賊大輩，然後圍乃得解。賊往甚易，而兵往救之甚難，宜移城內之兵，其西三十里，有奇險可依，更立城以固守，此為引賊平地而掎其歸路，於計為便。」護軍將軍蔣濟議，以為：「既示天下以弱，且望賊煙火而壞城，此為未攻而自拔。一至於此，劫略無限，必以淮北為守。」帝未許。寵重表曰：「孫子言，兵者，詭道也。故能而示之以弱不能，驕之以利，示之以懾。此為形實不必相應也。又曰『善動敵者形之』。今賊未至而移城卻內，此所謂形而誘之也。引賊遠水，擇利而動，舉得於外，則福生於內矣。」尚書趙咨以寵策為長，詔遂報聽。其年，權自出，欲圍新城，以其遠水，積二十日不敢下船。寵謂諸將曰：「權得吾移城，必於其眾中有自大之言，今大舉來欲要一切之功，雖不敢至，必當上岸耀兵以示有餘。」乃潛遣步騎六千，伏肥城隱處以待之。權果上岸耀兵，寵伏軍卒起擊之，斬首數百，或有赴水死者。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》是歲，權向合肥新城，遣將軍全琮征六安，皆不克還。
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》十一年冬，亮使諸軍運米，集於斜谷口，治斜谷邸閣。
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》是歲，南夷劉冑反，將軍馬忠破平之。
《陳壽·蜀志十三·馬忠傳》馬忠字德信，巴西閬中人也。少養外家，姓狐，名篤，後乃復姓，改名忠。為郡吏，建安末舉孝廉，除漢昌長。先主東征，敗績猇亭，巴西太守閻芝發諸縣兵五千人以補遺闕，遣忠送往。先主已還永安，見忠與語，謂尚書令劉巴曰：「雖亡黃權，復得狐篤，此為世不乏賢也。」建興元年，丞相亮開府，以忠為門下督。三年，亮入南，拜忠牂牁太守。郡丞朱褒反。叛亂之後，忠撫育卹理，甚有威惠。八年，召為丞相參軍，副長史蔣琬署留府事。又領州治中從事。明年，亮出祁山，忠詣亮所，經營戎事。軍還，督將軍張嶷等討汶山郡叛羌。十一年，南夷豪帥劉冑反，擾亂諸郡。徵庲降都督張翼還，以忠代翼。忠遂斬冑，平南土。加忠監軍奮威將軍，封博陽亭侯。初，建寧郡殺太守正昂，縛太守張裔於吳，故都督常駐平夷縣。至忠，乃移治味縣，處民夷之間。又越嶲郡亦久失土地，忠率將太守張嶷開復舊郡，由此就加安南將軍，進封彭鄉亭侯。
《陳壽·蜀志十三·張嶷傳》張嶷字伯岐，巴郡南充國人也。
裴松之注《陳壽·蜀志十三·張嶷傳》益部耆舊傳曰：嶷出自孤微，而少有通壯之節。
《陳壽·蜀志十三·張嶷傳》弱冠為縣功曹。先主定蜀之際，山寇攻縣，縣長捐家逃亡，嶷冒白刃，攜負夫人，夫人得免。由是顯名，州召為從事。時郡內士人龔祿、姚伷位二千石，當世有聲名，皆與嶷友善。建興五年，丞相亮北住漢中，廣漢、綿竹山賊張慕等鈔盜軍資，劫掠吏民，嶷以都尉將兵討之。嶷度其鳥散，難以戰禽，乃詐與和親，剋期置酒。酒酣，嶷身率左右，因斬慕等五十餘級，渠帥悉殄。尋其餘類，旬日清泰。後得疾病困篤，家素貧匱，廣漢太守蜀郡何祗，名為通厚，嶷宿與疏闊，乃自轝詣祗，託以治疾。祗傾財醫療，數年除愈。其黨道信義皆此類也。拜為牙門將，屬馬忠，北討汶山叛羌，南平四郡蠻夷，輒有籌畫戰克之功。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》世語曰：并州刺史畢軌送漢故度遼將軍范明友鮮卑奴，年三百五十歲，言語飲食如常人。奴云：「霍顯，光後小妻。明友妻，光前妻女。」
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》博物志曰：時京邑有一人，失其姓名，食啖兼十許人，遂肥不能動。其父曾作遠方長吏，官徙送彼縣，令故義傳供食之；一二年中，一鄉中輒為之儉。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》傅子曰：時太原發冢破棺，棺中有一生婦人，將出與語，生人也。送之京師，問其本事，不知也。視其冢上樹木可三十歲，不知此婦人三十歲常生於地中邪？將一朝欻生，偶與發冢者會也？