[230] Tàihé 4/Jiànxīng 8/Huánglóng 2
230 AD, Cáo Zhēn and Sīmǎ Yì invade Shǔ
Spring, Standard Moon in Wú [230 January 31 - March 1], Imperial Order established Capital Lecturer Libationers to educate Sūn Quán’s various sons. Sent Generals Wèi Wēn and Zhūgě Zhí to command armored soldiers of ten thousand to sail the sea and seek Yízhōu and Dǎnzhōu.
Dǎnzhōu was in the sea, and the elders passed down report that Qín Shǐ Huángdì had sent the technician Xú Fú to lead young boys and young girls of several thousand people into the sea to find Pénglái divine mountain and immortality drugs, and they had stopped at this island and not returned. Over the generations they had grow into several tens of thousands of families, and of their people, at times there were those that reached Kuàijī to trade cloth, and Kuàijī’s eastern counties had people travel the sea who also encountered favorable winds to reach Dǎnzhōu. Dǎnzhōu was too far away and in the end could not be reached by Wèi Wēn and Zhūgě Zhí, so they only captured from Yízhōu several thousand people and returned.1
Yízhōu was to Línhǎi’s southeast, away from the prefecture by two thousand lǐ, its lands without frost and snow, its grass and trees do not die. On all four sides are mountain creeks. The men all shave hair and pierce ears, the women do not pierce ears. The soil is fertile, growing the five grains, and also there is plentiful fish and meat. There are dogs, tails short like deer tails in shape. These Yí father-in-laws and mother-in-laws and sons and sons’ wives lie and sleep together on one large bed, generally not avoiding one another. The lands have copper and iron, only used for deer hunting and spears for war, grinding limestone to make arrowheads. They catch live fish meat mixed and stored inside large pots to brine them, after successive moons and days then they eat it, believing it a superior delicacy.2
When Sūn Quán wished to send auxiliary brigades to capture Yízhōu, he also wished to capture Zhūyá, and consulted Lù Xùn on both. Lù Xùn sent up memorial that said: “Your Servant humbly believes that the Four Seas are not yet settled, and needs the people’s strength to relieve the time’s affairs. Now troops have been raised for successive years, the multitudes in sight [immediately available] are decreased and reduced, Your Majesty worries and labors your sagely thoughts, forgetting to rest and eat, and are about to distantly plan for Yízhōu, to settle a great affair. Your Servant repeatedly thinks, and has not yet seen the benefit. Attacking across ten thousand lǐ, the winds and waves are difficult to estimate, the people in changing water and soil [environment] certainly will attract disease and plague. Now to drive on the multitudes in sight, to directly wade into the barren, is to desire increases but instead to further decrease, to wish for benefit but to instead harm. Also Zhūyá is cut off and rugged, its people like wild birds and beasts, obtaining these people is not enough to relieve affairs, not having these troops is not worth the lost multitudes. Now the multitudes in sight [immediately available] east of the Jiāng are already sufficient to plan for affairs, and one should merely nurture strength and afterward move. In the past when King Huán [Sūn Cè] laid the foundations, his troops were not even one regiment, but he opened a great enterprise. Your Majesty carries on, expanding and settling the Jiāng’s exterior. Your Servant has heard that governing chaos and suppressing rebellion needs troops as power, farming and silk, cloths and food, are the people’s fundamental enterprise, but shields and spears are not yet put away, the people have hunger and cold. Your Servant humbly believes it is appropriate to foster and nurture servicemen and civilians, relax their taxation, multiple successes in harmony, righteousness to encourage valor, then the Hé and Wèi [rivers] can be pacified, and nine be united into one.”
Sūn Quán campaigned against Yízhōu, and the gains did not make up for the losses.3
That year, Tàihé Fourth Year [230], Wèi’s Minister of the Guard Dǒng Zhāo began enacting Excellency over the Masses affairs. Dǒng Zhāo sent up memorial explaining the damages of later degeneracy, that said in part: “Generally of those possessing Heaven’s Under, none did not value and esteem servicemen of sincere simplicity and loyal faith, and extremely hate people that were false and not genuine, who by this destroy teachings and disorder governance, ruining customs and injuring cultivation. Recently, Wèi Fěng then was submitted to execution at the end of Jiàn’ān, Cáo Wěi then was beheaded and killed at the beginning of Huángchū. In prostration considering the beginning to end sagely Imperial Orders, deeply hating the flowery and false, they wish to destroy and scatter the nefarious factions, always using gnashing of teeth, but the officials that enforce the laws all fear their power and influence, none able to investigate and expose, damaging social custom, the infringements growing more extreme. I humbly observe that the present’s youths no longer take scholarship as foundation and instead take social relations as their enterprise; the state’s servicemen do not take filial and fraternal pure cultivation as head but take trends and chasing profit as foremost. They gather factions and join crowds, praising one another, defame and slander to cause punishment and execution, use factional praising to cause noble rank and reward, those attached to themselves then have overflowing praises, those not attached are criticized as flawed, to the point they say to one another: ‘In the present age what worry is not solvable? It is merely that the ways of seeking people are not diligent, the gathering of them is not extensive. Also, what concern is there of not understanding oneself? Merely swallow drugs and gently harmonize.’ Also one hears some send slaves or retainers to use names of family members with office duties to falsely use their identifies to go in and out, back and forth in the restricted areas, communicating documents, and this has been investigated. All these various affairs, are all what law cannot allow, punishments that cannot be pardoned, not even the crimes of [Wèi] Fěng or [Cáo] Wěi could add to it.”4
Second Moon in Wèi [230 March 2 - March 31], Rénwǔ [March 5], Imperial Order said: “The world being plain or adorned change by following teachings. Since the turmoil of war onward, study of the classics was abandoned and cut off, and the actions of the later generations do not follow the canons in practice. How is this not a failing of teaching and guidance? Will advancement and employment not be by virtue and morality? Cadets and clerks must study and complete the talents before they are to be appointed to govern the people. Academic scholars are to test and examine, selecting out the highest levels, for urgent employment. Those superficial and flowery who do not attend to principles and foundations, are all to be dismissed and removed.”5
Therefore, censured and dismissed Zhūgě Dàn, Dèng Yáng and others from office.6
Around that time the eminent servicemen of the sort as Cavalier Regular Attendant Xiàhóu Xuán and Secretariat Writers Zhūgě Dàn and Dèng Yáng praised one another, calling Xiàhóu Xuán’s peers of four people as the Four Astute, Zhūgě Dàn’s level of eight people as the Eight Understanding. Central Writer Supervisor Liú Fàng’s son Liú Xī and Central Writer Director Sūn Zī’s son Sūn Mì and Selections Department Secretariat Writer Wèi Zhēn’s son Wèi Liè three people all could not compare, but due to their fathers occupied powerful positions, and were included as the Three Participants. Altogether these were fifteen people. Cáo Ruì believed them superficial and flowery, and dismissed them all from office.7
Xiàhóu Xuán, Hé Yán, and others had fame flourishing in their time, and Sīmǎ Yì’s eldest son Sīmǎ Shī also participated.8 Sīmǎ Shī’s wife Xiàhóu Huī appellation Yuánróng was the daughter of Xiàhóu Shàng and the Déyáng village princess lady Cáo, the younger sister of Xiáhóu Xuán.9
That year in Wèi, Tàihé Fourth Year [230], Wú Zhì entered as an Attendant Internal. At the time, Excellency of Works Chén Qún managed Secretariat Writer affairs. The Wèi Emperor Cáo Ruì was just beginning to personally manage affairs, Wú Zhì believed that the assisting and supporting great ministers were the root of security or danger, and to Cáo Ruì enthusiastically argued: “Agile Cavalry General Sīmǎ Yì is loyal and wise and devoted to the public, a servant for the State Altars. Chén Qún is an easy-going serviceman, not a talent to be a state’s Chancellor, occupies heavy appointment but does not personally serve.” The Emperor accepted this. The next day, there was harsh Imperial Order reprimanding Chén Qún, but Heaven’s Under believed no Excellency of Works compared to Zhǎngwén, that is Chén Qún, saying it was without substance. Wú Zhì later died in the summer of that year [230]. Because Wú Zhì had formerly relied on his power to act recklessly, his posthumous name was Marquess Chǒu “Shameful.” Later, Wú Zhì’s son Wú Yīng sent up letter arguing it was unjust, and so during Zhèngyuán [254 - 256] the posthumous name was changed to Marquess Wēi “Powerful.”10
Relying on power to act recklessly is called Chǒu.11 Fierce for firm result is called Wēi.12
Wùzǐ [March 11], Imperial Order on the Grand Tutor and Three Excellencies to have the Emperor Wén Cáo Pī’s Diǎnlùn carved on stone and set outside the Ancestral Temple Gates.
Guǐsì [March 16], appointed General-in-Chief Cáo Zhēn as Marshal-in-Chief, Agile Cavalry General Sīmǎ Yì as as General-in-Chief, Liáodōng Administrator Gōngsūn Yuān as Chariots and Cavalry General.13
Cáo Zhēn was also bestowed the honors to with sword and shoes ascend the Palace Hall and to enter Court without hastening step. Cáo Zhēn believed: “Shǔ has continuously set out and invaded the borders, it is appropriate to therefore attack them. On multiple roads together advancing, they can be greatly subdued.” The Emperor followed this plan. When Cáo Zhēn was about to set out, the Emperor personally saw him off.14
When Cáo Zhēn memorialized wish to on multiple roads attack Shǔ and to by Xiégǔ enter, Chén Qún believed: “Tàizǔ [Cáo Cāo] in the past arrived at Yángpíng to attack Zhāng Lǔ, greatly accumulated beans and wheat to increase military provisions, [Zhāng] Lǔ was not yet defeated and the food was already exhausted. Now there is no reason, and moreover Xiégǔ is obstructive and narrow, difficult to advance or retreat, transports certainly will meet with plunder and cutting off, leaving many troops to defend then will decrease battle soldiers, it cannot be not carefully considered.” The Emperor followed Chén Qún’s commentary. Cáo Zhēn again memorialized to follow Zǐwǔ road. Chén Qún again explained the inconveniences, and further reported the calculation of the military expenses. Imperial Order had Chén Qún’s commentary sent down to Cáo Zhēn. Cáo Zhēn in accordance to it therefore went.15
Summer, Fourth Moon in Wèi [April 30 - May 29], Grand Tutor Zhōng Yáo died.16 The Emperor wore mourning clothes and oversaw lamentations. Posthumous name Marquess Chéng “Accomplished.” His son Zhōng Yù succeeded.17 When the managers discussed a posthumous name, they believed: “Yáo in the past was Minister of Justice, distinguishing and reasoning punishment and prison, determining the suspicious and enlightening the the doubtful, the people without complaints, like Yú [Dìngguó] and Zhāng [Yìzhī] during Hàn.” Imperial Order said: “The Grand Tutor’s achievements are high and virtues abundant, ranked as Teacher and Protector. Discussions on conduct and bestowing posthumous name should always first consider this, aside from only narrating the virtues of Ministers of Justice Yú [Dìngguó] and Zhāng [Yìzhī].” Thus tally of posthumous name as Marquess Chéng.18
Securing the people and establishing government is called Chéng [“Accomplished”].19
Zhāng Yìzhī appellation Jì was a Nányáng Dǔyáng man, Minister of Justice during the reigns of Hàn Emperor Wén.20 Yú Dìngguó [d. 40 BC] appellation Mànqiàn was a Dōnghǎi Tán man, Minister of Justice during the reign of Hàn Emperor Xuān.21 The Hàn Court praised Yú Dìngguó stating: “Zhāng Yìzhī as Minister of Justice, Heaven’s Under was without injustices to people. Yú Dìngguó as Minister of Justice, the people themselves do no injustices.”22
Sixth Moon in Wèi [June 29 - July 27], Wùzǐ [July 9], the Grand Dowager Empress lady Biàn passed away.23
Bǐngshēn [July 17], abolished Shàngyōng prefecture.
Autumn, Seventh Moon in Wèi [July 28 - August 26], Wǔ-Xuān empress Biàn was buried at Gāolíng (the tomb of Cáo Cāo).
Imperial Order on Marshal-in-Chief Cáo Zhēn and General-in-Chief Sīmǎ Yì to attack Shǔ.24 Lent Sīmǎ Yì Yellow Battle-ax to with Cáo Zhēn attack Shǔ.25
Eighth Moon in Wèi [August 27 - September 24], Xīnsì [August 31], Cáo Ruì went on eastern tour, sending envoys with Special Oxen sacrifices to the Center Peak.26 The journey passed by Fánchāng, and Cáo Ruì sent Metal Mace Bearer Zāng Bà acting out Grand Commandant affairs with Special Oxen sacrifices to the Altar of Accepting the Abdication.27
In the Eighth Moon, Cáo Zhēn set out from Cháng’ān, following Zǐwǔ road to enter south. Sīmǎ Yì went up the Hàn river, to meet together at Nánzhèng. Of the various armies some followed Xiégǔ road, some from Wǔwēi entered. It happened there was heavy continuous rain for over thirty days, some of the plank roads broke and were cut off.28
Yǐwèi [September 14], Cáo Ruì visited Xǔchāng Palace.29
Grand Commandant Huà Xīn sent up memorial that said: “Since the chaos of war onward, it has exceeded over forty years. Great Wèi carries on from Heaven to receive the Mandate, Your Majesty by sagely virtue undertakes the expansion of Chéng and Kāng, and should liberalize a generation of governance, to carry on the legacies of the Three Kings. Though there are two rebels relying on rugged terrain to extend their lives, if sagely influence daily increases, distant people will harbor virtue, and with their children on their backs arrive. Weapons are used only when one cannot but use them, and therefore restrained and in their time mobilized. Your Servant truly hopes Your Majesty will first devote heart on the ways of governance, and have punitive campaigns as a later affair. Moreover, across a thousand lǐ transporting provisions is not an advantage in using troops, and crossing rugged terrain to penetrate deeply is not an achievement that can be done alone. If considering the conscription of this year, it tends to have losses in the enterprises of farming and silk. One who acts for the state uses the people as the foundation. People use food and clothes as foundation. If the central states are without worry of hunger and cold, the Hundred Surnames will be without heart to flee the lands, then Heaven’s Under’s fortunes will be extreme, and an opening against the two rebels can be sat and waited for. Your Servant fills seat as a foremost minister, old age and illness daily become more serious, a lifespan of horse and dog is about to be exhausted, I fear I will no longer look out to the Imperial Canopy, and do not dare be not exhaustive in my thoughts as a servant. May Your Majesty investigate this.”
The Emperor’s reply said: “You deeply consider the state’s plans, We extremely commend this. The rebels rely on mountains and rivers, the two founders labored in former ages, yet could not subdue and pacify them. How do we dare to overestimate ourselves, and say we will certainly exterminate them? The various officers believe to not once probe out is to without reason harm self, and therefore observe troops to spy on their openings. If Heaven’s timing has not yet arrived, Zhōu Wǔ returning his brigades then is a consideration from former ages. We respectfully will not forget what you have warned.”30
Wèi had sent Sīmǎ Yì through Xīchéng, Zhāng Hé through Zǐwǔ, Cáo Zhēn through Xiégǔ to attack Hànzhōng. Shǔ’s Assistant Chancellor Zhūgě Liàng waited for them at Chénggù and Chìbǎn.31 Lǐ Yán was promoted to Shǔ’s Agile Cavalry General, and as Cáo Zhēn wished to on three roads head toward Hànchuān, Zhūgě Liàng ordered Lǐ Yán to lead twenty thousand men to visit Hànzhōng. Zhūgě Liàng memorialized for Lǐ Yán’s son Lǐ Fēng to be Jiāngzhōu Capital Commander to command that army and manage Lǐ Yán’s rear affairs.32
Previously, Xiàhóu Bà appellation Zhòngquán was Xiàhóu Yuān’s second son. Xiàhóu Yuān had been killed by Shǔ, and therefore Xiàhóu Bà always gnashed teeth in anger, wishing to take revenge on Shǔ. During Huángchū [220 - 226] he became an Auxiliary General. In the Zǐwǔ campaign, Xiàhóu Bà was the front line, advancing to reach the Xīngshì barricades, securing camp inside Qū valley. The Shǔ men saw and knew it was Xiàhóu Bà, and sent down troops to attack him. Xiàhóu Bà personally battled among the barricades, rescue arrived, and afterward it was resolved. Later, Xiàhóu Bà became Right General, garrisoning Lǒngxī, and his caring for soldiers and harmonizing the Róng all obtained their pleased hearts.33
Ninth Moon in Wèi [September 25 - October 24], heavy rain, the Yī, Luò, Hé, and Hàn rivers flooded.34 It had continuously rained for accumulated days, Chén Qún believed it appropriate to have Imperial Order on Cáo Zhēn to return.35
Yáng Fù had been promoted to Minister Treasurer. When Marshal-in-Chief Cáo Zhēn attacked Shǔ, he encountered rain and could not advance. Yáng Fù sent up memorial that said: “In the past King Wén had the omen of the red crow, and still to the afternoon did not have time to eat; King Wǔ had a white fish land in his boat, lord and ministers changing color. Even when actions have auspicious signs, yet still have apprehension. All the more when there are disastrous strange signs and yet to not shake in fear. Now Wú and Shǔ are not yet pacified, but Heaven repeatedly sends down changes, Your Majesty should deeply have focused attention on answering, leaning on seat and yet sitting, thinking of showing to distant with virtue, calming the nearby with frugality. Recently the various armies began to advance, and suddenly there was the misfortune of heavy rains, falling to obstruct the mountain passes, and has for accumulated days. The toils of transporting, the pains of carrying on shoulders, the expenses are many. If there are disconnections, it certainly will ruin the original plan. The Zhuàn states: ‘Seeing possibility and advancing, knowing difficulty and retreating, is the army’s excellent governance.’ To in vain send the Six Armies to suffer among mountains and valleys, advancing with nothing to capture, withdrawing also with no gains, is not the way for managing troops. King Wǔ withdrew his brigades, Yīn in the end perished, knowing that Heaven has its timing. Now the year is in famine and the people hungry, it is appropriate to issue enlightened Imperial Order to reduce meals and decrease dress, and crafted amusement playthings all can be removed. In the past Shào Xìnchén was Minister Treasurer in an era without problems, and still memorialize to remove superfluous meals. Now military equipment is not enough, it is all the more appropriate to have economic limits.”36
Imperial Order on Cáo Zhēn and the rest to withdraw the armies.37
Minister Treasurer handled taxation revenues to provide for feeding the Emperor,38 and the Palace’s various utensils and clothes and rare treasures and meals.39
Sometime that year,40 Shǔ had sent Wèi Yán west to enter among the Qiāng. Wèi’s Rear General Fèi Yáo and Yōng Province Inspector Guō Huái with Wèi Yán battled at Yángxī. Wèi Yán greatly defeated Guō Huái and the rest, and was promoted to Front Army Master and Campaigning West General-in-Chief, Lent Staff, advanced in fief to Marquess of Nánzhèng.41
Sometime that year, Jiànxīng Eighth Year, Zhūgě Liàng’s Remaining Office Chief Clerk Zhāng Yì died.42 Jiǎng Wǎn succeeded Zhāng Yì as Chief Clerk, added Succoring Army General. Zhūgě Liàng repeatedly went out on campaign, Jiǎng Wǎn always provided sufficient food and sufficient weapons. Zhūgě Liàng always said: “Gōngyǎn entrusted with will is loyal and refined, one who should with me together support the Ruler’s Enterprise.” He secretly memorialized to Liú Shàn saying: “If your servant encounters misfortune, later affairs should be entrusted to [Jiǎng] Wǎn.”43 Fèi Yī was transferred to Central Protector of the Army, later also became Zhūgě Liàng’s Major.44
Winter, Tenth Moon in Wèi [November 23 - December 22], Cáo Ruì went back to Luòyáng Palace. Gēngshēn [December 8], ordered: “Crimes that are not death penalties are to consider ransoms, each on individual basis.”
Eleventh Moon in Wèi [December 23 - 231 January 20], Tàibái [Venus] crossed Suìxīng [Jupiter].45
Twelfth Moon in Wèi [231 January 21 - February 19], Xīnwèi [February 17], changed the burial of Wén-Zhāo Empress Zhēn to Cháoyánglíng. Bǐngyín [February 12], Imperial Order on the Excellencies and Ministers to nominate Worthy and Good candidates.46
Previously, there was an Imperial Order for a great discussion on governance that was not convenient for the people. Minister Treasurer Yáng Fù commented believing: “Delivering governance is in appointing worthies, invigorating the state is in attending to agriculture. If there is abandoning of worthies and appointing by personal considerations, this neglect of governance is extreme. Widely opening Palace buildings, making high the terrace pavilions, thus hindering the people’s affairs, this harming of agriculture is extreme. A hundred laborers not diligent in their crafts, and yet competing to make strange flair to accord with the superior’s desires, this injuring of roots is extreme. Kǒng-zǐ said: ‘Harsh governance is worse than a vicious tiger.’ Now officials of relying on past achievements and elaborate customs, in government obstruct the body of governance, and further enjoy to be complex and harsh; this disordering of the people of the people is extreme. Right now what is urgent should be eliminating the four extremes, and further giving Imperial Order on the Excellencies and Ministers and prefectures and states, to nominate Worthy and Good, Upright and Proper, Sincere and Plain servicemen and select and employ them, this also is the one aspect of seeking worthies.”
Yáng Fù also sent up memorial wishing to eliminate Palace Women that did not meet with visits by the Emperor, and so summoned the managing office clerk to ask the number of people in the Rear Palace. The clerk held to old orders and replied stating: “Confidential information cannot be revealed.” Yáng Fù was angry, and flogged the clerk one hundred strokes, counting it and saying: “The country does not share the confidential with the Nine Ministers, but instead shares the confidential with a small clerk?” Cáo Ruì heard and was all the more respectful and fearful of Yáng Fù.47
That winter, Sūn Quán spread word he wished to attack Héféi. Earlier that year, Mǎn Chǒng became Campaigning East General. Mǎn Chǒng memorialized to summon the various armies of Yǎn and Yù Provinces, and they all gathered. The Wú armies scouted and retreated back, and Mǎn Chǒng was given Imperial Order to dismiss the troops. Mǎn Chǒng believed: “Now the rebels have greatly mobilized and returned, it is not their original intention. This certainly is wish to falsely retreat to have our troops dismissed, and then turn back to take advantage of weakness and surprise the unprepared.” He memorialized to not dismiss the troops. After over ten days, Sūn Quán indeed again came, arrived at Héféi city, was unsuccessful and returned.48
That year, Jiànxīng Eighth Year [230], Shǔ transferred the King of Lǔ Liú Yǒng to King of Gānlíng and the King of Liáng Liú Lǐ to King of Ānpíng, because Lǔ and Liáng were on Wú’s side of the planned partition of Wèi.49
Wú abolished Zhū Rán’s office as Yǎn Province Governor50 and Bù Zhì’s office as Jì Province Governor, because Yǎn and Jì were on Shǔ’s side of the planned partition of Wèi.51
That year, Huánglóng Second Year [230], a Qīng Province man Yǐn Fán left Wèi to submit to Wú, sending up letter that said: “Your Servant has heard that when Zhòu was without principle, Wēi-zǐ in advance exited; and when Gāozǔ was lenient and enlightened, Chén Píng in advance entered. Your Servant’s years are twenty-two, and have abandoned fief and land to submit to one with principle, and depending on immersion in heavenly spirit, was able to deliver myself whole. Your Servant on arriving has been stopped for several days, has not yet met with being selected out, causing Your Servant’s small words and minute intentions to be unable to reach up. Oh ah thrice sighing, why is it only thus? Sincerely visiting tower to bow and present, begging to immersed in an invitation to meet.” Sūn Quán at once summoned him to enter. Yǐn Fán thanked and answered questions, to the point of explaining the time’s affairs, extremely having conversational skill and bearing.
Hú Zōng at the time was seated in attendance, Sūn Quán asked him for an opinion, Hú Zōng replied saying: “[Yǐn] Fán’s sent up letter’s grand speech has resemblance to Dōngfāng Shuò, the skillful sophistry has resemblance to Mí Héng, but his talent does not reach theirs.” Sūn Quán also asked what office Yǐn Fán could handle, Hú Zōng replied: “He cannot yet govern people, and for the time being should be tested with a small position in the capital.”
Sūn Quán because Yǐn Fán had extensive discussion of punishment and prison, employed him as Ministry of Justice Supervisor. Left General Zhū Jù and Minister of Justice Hǎo Pǔ praised Yǐn Fán as having talent as a King’s assistant, Hǎo Pǔ particularly with Yǐn Fán was close and friendly, always resenting and sighing at Yǐn Fán being wronged.
Later, Yǐn Fán plotted rebellion, the matter was discovered and he was submitted to execution.52 Sūn Quán investigated Hǎo Pǔ: “You formerly enthusiastically praised Yǐn Fán, and also on his behalf resented and was disappointed with the Court. Allowing [Yǐn] Fán to rebel was all by your doing.”53 Hǎo Pǔ met with blame and killed himself.54
Previously, Yǐn Fán had skill in speech, Cáo Ruì sent him to feign rebellion to join Wú, ordering him to seek Ministry of Justice office, to seriously investigate the chief ministers, to estrange them. When he became Ministry of Justice Supervisor, everyone, because Zhū Jù and Hǎo Pǔ with Yǐn Fán was close and friendly, always gathered like clouds in carriages and horses, guests and retainers filling his halls. Reaching to when the matter was discovered, Yǐn Fán fled, was captured, investigated and tortured about his associates, Yǐn Fán would not speak. Sūn Quán sent to have him enter, and said to him: “Why have your flesh suffer cruelty for the sake of others?” Yǐn Fán said: “Lord Sūn, when a man plans such affairs, how can there be no comrades? An illustrious serviceman dying is not worth dragging down others.” Therefore he shut his mouth and died.55
Previously, Yǐn Fán for verbal debate was favored by powerful figures, Pān Jùn’s son Pān Zhù also socialized with him, gifting him provisions. Pān Jùn heard and was greatly furious, memorialized to reprimand Pān Zhù stating: “I received the state’s generous favor, intend to repay with my life, your generation in the capital [Jiànyè] should remember respect and deference, be close with worthies and admire the good, for what reason can you interact with a surrendered caitiff, and gift him provisions? From afar hearing of this, the heart quakes and face burns, melancholy for accumulated tens of days. When the memorial arrives, hurriedly go to receive flogging of one hundred strokes, and quickly take blame for the provisions.” At the time people were all bewildered by Pān Jùn, but later Yǐn Fán indeed plotted rebellion and was executed and exterminated, and everyone then conceded.56
Zhèngyuán states: Though often assumed, it is not actually certain that Yǐn Fán or Hǎo Pǔ died in Huánglóng Second Year. It is not guaranteed, and indeed seems quite unlikely, that all the recorded events took place within a single year. It should have taken some time for Yǐn Fán to expand his network and rise through the ranks. But as no other dates are recorded, the narrative must be presented all together at the only recorded date: Yǐn Fán’s surrender to Wú in Huánglóng Second Year.
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》二年春正月，魏作合肥新城。詔立都講祭酒，以教學諸子。遣將軍衛溫、諸葛直將甲士萬人浮海求夷洲及亶洲。亶洲在海中，長老傳言秦始皇帝遣方士徐福將童男童女數千人入海，求蓬萊神山及仙藥，止此洲不還。世相承有數萬家，其上人民，時有至會稽貨布，會稽東縣人海行，亦有遭風流移至亶洲者。所在絕遠，卒不可得至，但得夷洲數千人還。
李賢注《范曄·後漢書八十五·東夷列傳》沈瑩臨海水土志曰「夷洲在臨海東南，去郡二千里。土地無霜雪，草木不死。四面是山谿。人皆髡髮穿耳，女人不穿耳。土地饒沃，既生五穀，又多魚肉。有犬。尾短如麕尾狀。此夷舅姑子婦臥息共一大床，略不相避。地有銅鐵，唯用鹿格為矛以戰鬥，摩礪青石以作（弓）矢〔鏃〕。取生魚肉雜貯大瓦器中，以鹽鹵之，歷月所日，乃啖食之，以為上肴」也。
《陳壽·吳志十三·陸遜傳》權欲遣偏師取夷州及朱崖，皆以諮遜，遜上疏曰：「臣愚以為四海未定，當須民力，以濟時務。今兵興歷年，見眾損減，陛下憂勞聖慮，忘寢與食，將遠規夷州，以定大事，臣反覆思惟，未見其利，萬里襲取，風波難測，民易水土，必致疾疫，今驅見眾，經涉不毛，欲益更損，欲利反害。又珠崖絕險，民猶禽獸，得其民不足濟事，無其兵不足虧眾。今江東見眾，自足圖事，但當畜力而後動耳。昔桓王創基，兵不一旅，而開大業。陛下承運，拓定江表。臣聞治亂討逆，須兵為威，農桑衣食，民之本業，而干戈未戢，民有飢寒。臣愚以為宜育養士民，寬其租賦，眾克在和，義以勸勇，則河渭可平，九有一統矣。」權遂征夷州，得不補失。
《陳壽·魏志十四·董昭傳》太和四年，行司徒事，六年，拜真。昭上疏陳末流之弊曰：「凡有天下者，莫不貴尚敦樸忠信之士，深疾虛偽不真之人者，以其毀教亂治，敗俗傷化也。近魏諷則伏誅建安之末，曹偉則斬戮黃初之始。伏惟前後聖詔，深疾浮偽，欲以破散邪黨，常用切齒；而執法之吏皆畏其權勢，莫能糾擿，毀壞風俗，侵欲滋甚。竊見當今年少，不復以學問為本，專更以交游為業；國士不以孝悌清脩為首，乃以趨勢游利為先。合黨連群，互相褒歎，以毀訾為罰戮，用黨譽為爵賞，附己者則歎之盈言，不附者則為作瑕釁。至乃相謂『今世何憂不度邪，但求人道不勤，羅之不博耳；又何患其不知己矣，但當吞之以藥而柔調耳。』又聞或有使奴客名作在職家人，冒之出入，往來禁奧，交通書疏，有所探問。凡此諸事，皆法之所不取，刑之所不赦，雖諷、偉之罪，無以加也。」
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》四年春二月壬午，詔曰：「世之質文，隨教而變。兵亂以來，經學廢絕，後生進趣，不由典謨。豈訓導未洽，將進用者不以德顯乎？其郎吏學通一經，才任牧民，博士課試，擢其高第者，亟用；其浮華不務道本者，皆罷退之。」
《陳壽·魏志十四·董昭傳》帝於是發切詔，斥免諸葛誕、鄧颺等。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志二十八·諸葛誕傳》世語曰：是時，當世俊士散騎常侍夏侯玄、尚書諸葛誕、鄧颺之徒，共相題表，以玄、疇四人為四聰，誕、備八人為八達，中書監劉放子熙、孫資子密、吏部尚書衛臻子烈三人，咸不及比，以父居勢位，容之為三豫，凡十五人。帝以構長浮華，皆免官廢錮。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志九·曹真傳》魏氏春秋曰：初，夏侯玄、何晏等名盛於時，司馬景王亦預焉。晏嘗曰：「唯深也，故能通天下之志，夏侯泰初是也；唯幾也，故能成天下之務，司馬子元是也；惟神也，不疾而速，不行而至，吾聞其語，未見其人。」蓋欲以神況諸己也。
《房玄龄·晉書三十一·景懷夏侯皇后傳》景懷夏侯皇后諱徽，字媛容，沛國譙人也。父尚，魏征南大將軍；母曹氏，魏德陽鄉主。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志二十一·王粲傳》質別傳曰：太和四年，入為侍中。時司空陳群錄尚書事，帝初親萬機，質以輔弼大臣，安危之本，對帝盛稱「驃騎將軍司馬懿，忠智至公，社稷之臣也。陳群從容之士，非國相之才，處重任而不親事。」帝甚納之。明日，有切詔以督責群，而天下以司空不如長文，即群，言無實也。質其年夏卒。質先以怙威肆行，諡曰醜侯。質子應仍上書論枉，至正元中乃改諡威侯。
《逸周書·謚法》怙威肆行曰醜。
《逸周書·謚法》猛以剛果曰威。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》戊子，詔太傅三公：以文帝典論刻石，立于廟門之外。癸巳，以大將軍曹真為大司馬，驃騎將軍司馬宣王為大將軍，遼東太守公孫淵為車騎將軍。
《陳壽·魏志九·曹真傳》四年，朝洛陽，遷大司馬，賜劍履上殿，入朝不趨。真以「蜀連出侵邊境，宜遂伐之。數道並入，可大克也」。帝從其計。真當發西討，帝親臨送。
《陳壽·魏志二十二·陳群傳》太和中，曹真表欲數道伐蜀，從斜谷入。群以為「太祖昔到陽平攻張魯，多收豆麥以益軍糧，魯未下而食猶乏。今既無所因，且斜谷阻險，難以進退，轉運必見鈔截，多留兵守要，則損戰士，不可不熟慮也」。帝從群議。真復表從子午道。群又陳其不便，并言軍事用度之計。詔以群議下真，真據之遂行。會霖雨積日，群又以為宜詔真還，帝從之。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》夏四月，太傅鍾繇薨。
《陳壽·魏志十三·鍾繇傳》帝素服臨弔，諡曰成侯。子毓嗣。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志十三·鍾繇傳》魏書曰：有司議諡，以為繇昔為廷尉，辨理刑獄，決嫌明疑，民無怨者，由于、張之在漢也。詔曰：「太傅功高德茂，位為師保，論行賜諡，常先依此，兼敘廷尉于、張之德耳。」乃策諡曰成侯。
《逸周書·謚法》安民立政曰成。
《司馬遷·史記一百二·張釋之傳》張廷尉釋之者，堵陽人也，字季。
《班固·漢書五十·張釋之傳》張釋之字季，南陽堵陽人也。
《班固·漢書七十一·于定國傳》于定國字曼倩，東海郯人也。
《班固·漢書七十一·于定國傳》朝廷稱之曰：「張釋之為廷尉，天下無冤民；于定國為廷尉，民自以不冤。」
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》六月戊子，太皇太后崩。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》丙申，省上庸郡。秋七月，武宣卞后祔葬于高陵。詔大司馬曹真、大將軍司馬宣王伐蜀。
《房玄龄·晉書一·宣帝紀》四年，遷大將軍，加大都督、假黃鉞，與曹真伐蜀。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》八月辛巳，行東巡，遣使者以特牛祠中嶽。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》魏書曰：行過繁昌，使執金吾臧霸行太尉事，以特牛祠受禪壇。臣松之按：漢紀章帝元和三年，詔高邑縣祠即位壇，五成陌，比臘祠門戶。此雖前代已行故事，然為壇以祀天，而壇非神也，今無事於上帝，而致祀於虛壇，求之義典，未詳所據。
《陳壽·魏志九·曹真傳》真以八月發長安，從子午道南入。司馬宣王泝漢水，當會南鄭。諸軍或從斜谷道，或從武威入。會大霖雨三十餘日，或棧道斷絕，詔真還軍。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》乙未，幸許昌宮。
《陳壽·魏志十三·華歆傳》太和中，遣曹真從子午道伐蜀，車駕東幸許昌。歆上疏曰：「兵亂以來，過踰二紀。大魏承天受命，陛下以聖德當成康之隆，宜弘一代之治，紹三王之跡。雖有二賊負險延命，苟聖化日躋，遠人懷德，將襁負而至。夫兵不得已而用之，故戢而時動。臣誠願陛下先留心於治道，以征伐為後事。且千里運糧，非用兵之利；越險深入，無獨克之功。如聞今年徵役，頗失農桑之業。為國者以民為基，民以衣食為本。使中國無饑寒之患，百姓無離土之心，則天下幸甚，二賊之釁，可坐而待也。臣備位宰相，老病日篤，犬馬之命將盡，恐不復奉望鑾蓋，不敢不竭臣子之懷，唯陛下裁察！」帝報曰：「君深慮國計，朕甚嘉之。賊憑恃山川，二祖勞於前世，猶不克平，朕豈敢自多，謂必滅之哉！諸將以為不一探取，無由自弊，是以觀兵以闚其釁。若天時未至，周武還師，乃前事之鑒，朕敬不忘所戒。」時秋大雨，詔真引軍還。
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》魏使司馬懿由西城，張郃由子午，曹真由斜谷，欲攻漢中。丞相亮待之於城固、赤阪，大雨道絕，真等皆還。
《陳壽·蜀志十·李嚴傳》八年，遷驃騎將軍。以曹真欲三道向漢川，亮命嚴將二萬人赴漢中。亮表嚴子豐為江州都督督軍，典嚴後事。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志九·夏侯淵傳》魏略曰：霸字仲權。淵為蜀所害，故霸常切齒，欲有報蜀意。黃初中為偏將軍。子午之役，霸召為前鋒，進至興勢圍，安營在曲谷中。蜀人望知其是霸也，指下兵攻之。霸手戰鹿角間，賴救至，然後解。後為右將軍，屯隴西，其養士和戎，並得其歡心。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》九月，大雨，伊、洛、河、漢水溢，詔真等班師。
《陳壽·魏志二十二·陳群傳》會霖雨積日，群又以為宜詔真還，帝從之。
《陳壽·魏志二十五·楊阜傳》後遷少府。是時大司馬曹真伐蜀，遇雨不進。阜上疏曰：「昔文王有赤烏之符，而猶日昃不暇食；武王白魚入舟，君臣變色。而動得吉瑞，猶尚憂懼，況有災異而不戰竦者哉？今吳、蜀未平，而天屢降變，陛下宜深有以專精應答，側席而坐，思示遠以德，綏邇以儉。閒者諸軍始進，便有天雨之患，稽閡山險，以積日矣。轉運之勞，擔負之苦，所費以多，若有不繼，必違本圖。傳曰：『見可而進，知難而退，軍之善政也。』徒使六軍困於山谷之間，進無所略，退又不得，非主兵之道也。武王還師，殷卒以亡，知天期也。今年凶民饑，宜發明詔損膳減服，技巧珍玩之物，皆可罷之。昔邵信臣為少府於無事之世，而奏罷浮食；今者軍用不足，益宜節度。」帝即召諸軍還。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》九月，大雨，伊、洛、河、漢水溢，詔真等班師。
《班固·漢書十九·百官公卿表》少府，秦官，掌山海池澤之稅，以給共養，有六丞。
《司馬彪、范曄·後漢書志二十六·百官三》少府，卿一人，中二千石。本注曰：掌中服御諸物，衣服寶貨珍膳之屬。丞一人，比千石。
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》是歲，魏延破魏雍州刺史郭淮于陽谿。
《陳壽·蜀志十·魏延傳》八年，使延西入羌中，魏後將軍費瑤、雍州刺史郭淮與延戰于陽谿，延大破淮等，遷為前軍師征西大將軍，假節，進封南鄭侯。
《陳壽·蜀志十一·張裔傳》建興八年卒。
《陳壽·蜀志十四·蔣琬傳》八年，代裔為長史，加撫軍將軍。亮數外出，琬常足食足兵以相供給。亮每言：「公琰託志忠雅，當與吾共贊王業者也。」密表後主曰：「臣若不幸，後事宜以付琬。」
《陳壽·蜀志十四·費禕傳》建興八年，轉為中護軍，後又為司馬。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》冬十月乙卯，行還洛陽宮。庚申，令：「罪非殊死聽贖各有差。」十一月，太白犯歲星。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》十二月辛未，改葬文昭甄后于朝陽陵。丙寅，詔公卿舉賢良。
《陳壽·魏志二十五·楊阜傳》後詔大議政治之不便於民者，阜議以為：「致治在於任賢，興國在於務農。若舍賢而任所私，此忘治之甚者也。廣開宮館，高為臺榭，以妨民務，此害農之甚者也。百工不敦其器，而競作奇巧，以合上欲，此傷本之甚者也。孔子曰：『苛政甚於猛虎。』今守功文俗之吏，為政不通治體，苟好煩苛，此亂民之甚者也。當今之急，宜去四甚，並詔公卿郡國，舉賢良方正敦樸之士而選用之，此亦求賢之一端也。」阜又上疏欲省宮人諸不見幸者，乃召御府吏問後宮人數。吏守舊令，對曰：「禁密，不得宣露。」阜怒，杖吏一百，數之曰：「國家不與九卿為密，反與小吏為密乎？」帝聞而愈敬憚阜。
《陳壽·魏志二十六·滿寵傳》四年，拜寵征東將軍。其冬，孫權揚聲欲至合肥，寵表召兗、豫諸軍，皆集。賊尋退還，被詔罷兵。寵以為今賊大舉而還，非本意也，此必欲偽退以罷吾兵，而倒還乘虛，掩不備也，表不罷兵。後十餘日，權果更來，到合肥城，不克而還。
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》徙魯王永為甘陵王。梁王理為安平王，皆以魯、梁在吳分界故也。
《陳壽·吳志十一·朱然傳》頃之，以兗州在蜀分，解牧職。
《陳壽·吳志七·步騭傳》頃以冀州在蜀分，解牧職。
《陳壽·吳志十七·胡綜傳》二年，青州人隱蕃歸吳，上書曰：「臣聞紂為無道，微子先出；高祖寬明，陳平先入。臣年二十二，委棄封域，歸命有道，賴蒙天靈，得自全致。臣至止有日，而主者同之降人，未見精別，使臣微言妙旨，不得上達。於邑三歎，曷惟其已。謹詣闕拜章，乞蒙引見。」權即召入。蕃謝答問，及陳時務，甚有辭觀。綜時侍坐，權問何如，綜對曰：「蕃上書，大語有似東方朔，巧捷詭辯有似禰衡，而才皆不及。」權又問可堪何官，綜對曰：「未可以治民，且試以都輦小職。」權以蕃盛論刑獄，用為廷尉監。左將軍朱據、廷尉郝普稱蕃有王佐之才，普尤與之親善，常怨歎其屈。後蕃謀叛，事覺伏誅，普見責自殺。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志十七·胡綜傳》吳歷曰：權問普：「卿前盛稱蕃，又為之怨望朝廷，使蕃反叛，皆卿之由。」
《陳壽·吳志十七·胡綜傳》後蕃謀叛，事覺伏誅，普見責自殺。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志十七·胡綜傳》吳錄曰：蕃有口才，魏明帝使詐叛如吳，令求作廷尉職，重案大臣以離閒之。既為廷尉監，眾人以據、普與蕃親善，常車馬雲集，賓客盈堂。及至事覺，蕃亡走，捕得，考問黨與，蕃無所言。吳主使將入，謂曰：「何乃以肌肉為人受毒乎？」蕃曰：「孫君，丈夫圖事，豈有無伴！烈士死，不足相牽耳。」遂閉口而死。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志十六·潘濬傳》吳書曰：歸義隱蕃，以口辯為豪傑所善，濬子翥亦與周旋，饋餉之。濬聞大怒，疏責翥曰：「吾受國厚恩，志報以命，爾輩在都，當念恭順，親賢慕善，何故與降虜交，以糧餉之？在遠聞此，心震面熱，惆悵累旬。疏到，急就往使受杖一百，促責所餉。」當時人咸怪濬，而蕃果圖叛誅夷，眾乃歸服。