[229] Tàihé 3/Jiànxīng 7/Huánglóng 1
229 AD, Zhūgě Liàng's Third Northern Expedition, Sūn Quán becomes Emperor of Wú
Spring in Wú, the Excellencies and Ministers and Hundred Officials all urged Sūn Quán to take Honored Title.1
Spring in Shǔ, Zhūgě Liàng sent Chén Shì to attack Wǔdū and Yīnpíng.2 Wèi’s Yōng Province Inspector Guō Huái led his multitudes to strike Chén Shì. Zhūgě Liàng personally set out reaching Jiànwēi, Guō Huái retreated. Therefore pacified two prefectures.
Imperial Order tally on Zhūgě Liàng said: “In the Jiētíng campaign, the blame was on Mǎ Sù, and yet you claimed the transgression, deeply disparaging yourself. Unwilling to oppose your intentions, I listened and followed your integrity. In the previous year your glorious brigades beheaded Wáng Shuāng, and in this year on campaign, Guō Huái retreated and fled. Subduing and gathering Dī and Qiāng, raising and recovering two prefectures, authority suppressing the violent and cruel, the achievements and merits are manifest. Right now Heaven’s Under is disturbed, the leading evils not yet beheaded, you have received great appointment, to carry the state’s heaviness, and yet for a long time have diminished yourself. This is not how to illuminate and raise up vast glory. Now restore you to Assistant Chancellor, and you will not decline.”3
Summer, Fourth Moon in Wèi [229 May 11 - June 9], Wèi Emperor Cáo Ruì’s younger brother the King of Yuánchéng Cáo Lǐ died.4
Later in Tàihé Fifth Year [231], the King of Rènchéng Cáo Kǎi’s son Cáo Tì was adopted over to be Cáo Lǐ’s posterity.5
Summer, Fourth Moon in Wú [229 May 11 - June 8], Xiàkǒu and Wǔchāng both reported Yellow Dragon and Phoenix sightings.6
Bǐngshēn [229 May 23], the King of Wú Sūn Quán in the South Suburbs ascended the Imperial Emperor’s Throne.7 The written announcement to Heaven stated: “Imperial Emperor (Huángdì) and Your Servant [Sūn] Quán, dares use black sacrificial bull to brightly announce to August Imperial Lord God: Hàn enjoyed state for twenty and four reigns, successive years four hundred thirty and four, its enacted aura calculations ended, its fortunes and blessings finished, everywhere slackened and was cut off, leading the lands to divide and collapse. The evil minister Cáo Pī therefore stole the Divine Vessels, [Cáo] Pī’s son [Cáo] Ruì continues the reign of doing evil, depraving names and disordering regulations. [I, Sūn] Quán was born in the southeast, happened to encounter the phase change, carrying forward grasping weapons, ambitions on pacifying the world, serving direction and enacting punishment, raising and providing for the people. The various ministers and officers and officials, provinces and prefectures and hundred cities, men of performing service, all believe that Heaven's Intentions have already left Hàn, Hàn’s clan has already cut off sacrifices to Heaven, the Imperial Emperor’s throne is empty, the Suburb Sacrifices without a master. Auspicious signs beginning to end mix together, the Calendar Calculations are on my body, and cannot be not accepted. [I, Sūn] Quán fear Heaven’s Mandate, not daring to not obey, cautiously select inaugural day, ascend altar and burn sacrifices, to succeed the Imperial Emperor’s throne. Oh, spirits enjoy it [the sacrifices], left and right is Wú, forever lasting Heaven’s blessings.”8
That day, Great Amnesty, changed the Year to Huánglońg “Yellow Dragon.” Posthumously honored his father Defeating Caitiffs General Sūn Jiān as Wǔ-Liè “Martial and Illustrious” Huángdì, mother lady Wú as Wǔ-Liè Huánghòu, and elder brother Suppressing Rebels General Sūn Cè as Chángshā King Huán “Foundational.” The King of Wú’s Heir-Apparent Sūn Dēng became Imperial Heir-Apparent. Officers and officials were all advanced in noble rank and applied rewards.9
Subduing and settling disaster and chaos is called Wǔ (“Martial”).10 Having achievement in securing the people is called Liè (“Illustroius”).11 Opening territory and annexing state is called Huán (“Foundational”).12
Previously during Xīngpíng [194 – 195], in Wú a child rhyme said: “Yellow Gold chariot, multi-colored one, open Prosperity Gate, out goes Heaven’s Son.”13
Prosperity Gate (Chāng Mén 昌門) was Wú city’s west wall gate, built by the King of Wú Fūchāi.14 Also, previously when Grand Scribe Deputy Xǔ Zhī tabulated the observed prophecies of Wèi’s succession of Hàn and presented it to the King of Wèi Cáo Pī, the tabulation included: “Chūnqiū Zuǒzhùqī states: ‘Hàn by permitting [xǔ] prosperity [chāng 昌] loses Heaven’s Under.’”15 In Huángchū Second Year [221], Wèi also renamed Xǔ to Xǔchāng (許昌).16
After Sūn Quán had claimed Honored Title, appointed Lù Xùn as Upper General-in-Chief, Right Capital Protector,17 appointed Zhūgě Jǐn as General-in-Chief, Left Capital Protector, designate Yù Province Governor,18 appointed Bù Zhì as Agile Cavalry General, designate Jì Province Governor,19 appointed Zhū Rán as Chariots and Cavalry General, Right Protector of the Army, designate Yǎn Province Governor.20 Quán Cóng was promoted to Guard General, Left Protector of the Army, Xú Province Governor, and bestowed the princess Sūn Lǔbān.21 Zhū Jù was appointed Left General and bestowed the princess Sūn Lǔyù.22 Appointed Zhū Huán as Front General, designate Qīng Province Governor, Lent Staff.23
Sūn Quán’s consort the lady Bù was a Línhuái Huáiyīn woman, of the same clan as Bù Zhì. During the end of Hàn, her mother brought her to Lújiāng, Lújiāng was conquered by Sūn Cè, all were brought east of the Jiāng, and for her beauty she was favored by Sūn Quán, favored the most in the Rear Courts. She bore two daughters, the elder Sūn Lǔbān appellation Dàhǔ “Big Tiger,” the younger Sūn Lǔyù appellation Xiǎohǔ “Little Tiger.” Sūn Lǔbān had formerly been matched with Zhōu Yú’s son Zhōu Xún, Zhōu Xún died, and later Sūn Lǔbān was matched with Quán Cóng. Sūn Lǔyù was matched with Zhū Jù.24
The lady Bù by nature was not jealous, and advanced many other women, and therefore for a long time met with favorable treatment. When Sūn Quán became King and then Emperor, he wished to appoint her Queen and Empress, but the various ministers’ commentary was on the lady Xú.25
Previously, Sūn Quán’s mother had arranged for Sūn Quán to marry lady Xiè, a Kuàijī Shānyīn woman, and she was favored and visited. Later Sūn Quán accepted his aunt’s granddaughter lady Xú and wished to have lady Xiè demoted below her, lady Xiè would not agree, and because of this lost her will and early died.26 Lady Xú was a Wú prefecture Fùchūn woman. Her grandfather Xú Zhēn and Sūn Quán’s father Sūn Jiān had been close, and Sūn Jiān had his younger sister be Xú Zhēn’s wife, begetting Xú Kūn.27 Xú Kūn begat the lady, who was first matched to her same prefecture’s Lù Shàng. Lù Shàng died, Sūn Quán at that time was Suppressing Caitiffs General and at Wú and married her, having her act as mother to adopt his son Sūn Dēng. Later Sūn Quán moved his headquarters, and due to the lady’s jealousy, she was abandoned and left at Wú. After over ten years, Sūn Quán became King of Wú and then accepted the Honored Title, both times Sūn Dēng was Heir-Apparent, and the various ministers requested to enthrone the lady Xú as Queen and then Empress. Sūn Quán’s intentions were on the lady Bù and to the end would not agree. Later the lady Xú died of illness.28
Sūn Dēng had been born from a lowly concubine, but from childhood had been raised by the lady Xú like a mother. Later lady Xú due to jealousy was abandoned in Wú, and the lady Bù was the most favored by Sūn Quán. When the lady Bù had a bestowment on Sūn Dēng, he did not dare decline, but bowed and accepted and nothing more. When the lady Xú’s envoy arrived, when bestowed with clothes, he always bathed before wearing it. When Sūn Dēng was about to be appointed Heir-Apparent, he declined saying: “When the root is established then growth follows. Wishing to establish an Heir-Apparent, it is appropriate to first establish a Queen.” Sūn Quán said: “Where is your mother?” Sūn Dēng replied: “At Wú.” Sūn Quán was silent.29
When Sūn Quán claimed Honored Title, when overlooking the Altar, he looked back to the Excellencies and Ministers and said: “In the past Lǔ [Sù] Zǐjìng once predicted this. He can be said to understand situations.”30 After Sūn Quán claimed Honored title, he said to the Excellencies and Ministers: “If I had not had Zhōu [Yú] Gōngjǐn, I would not be Emperor.”31
After Sūn Quán had accepted the Honored Rank, he held a gathering with the hundred officials, and attributed the achievement to Zhōu Yú. Zhāng Zhāo raised his tablet wishing to commend and praise the achievements and virtues, but before he could speak, Sūn Quán said: “If I had used Excellency Zhāng’s plan, now I would be begging for food.” Zhāng Zhāo was greatly ashamed, lay prostrate on the ground dripping in sweat.
Zhāng Zhāo always spoke boldly out of loyalty, was blunt and direct, having a chief minister’s integrity. Sūn Quán deeply respected him, but never appointed Zhāng Zhāo as his Chancellor, probably because in the past Zhāng Zhāo had fiercely criticized and opposed the suggestions of Zhōu Yú and Lǔ Sù and the rest.32
Péi Sōngzhī believes: Zhāng Zhāo in urging to welcome Excellency Cáo [Cāo], how was it not far-reaching? That he raised and maintained stern expression, entrusting pledge to the Sūn clan, truly was because the misfortune was newly encountered, the calamity only just starting, from [Sūn] Cè to [Sūn] Quán, their talent and strategy was sufficient to support, and therefore he exhaustively and sincerely rectified and assisted in order to achieve their enterprise, above to be a vassal screen for the Hàn house, below to protect the people. The plan for a tripartite division originally was not his intention. Excellency Cáo [Cāo] wielded obedience to rise up, had achievements in righteously establishing [the Hàn Emperor], hoped to purify and unite the various Huá, expand and pacify Jīng and Yǐng, the opportunity for great settlement was at that meeting. Supposing if [Zhāng] Zhāo’s commentary had been followed, then the Six Directions would have been unified, and how would there have been continuous disasters of warfare, and thus the damage of Warring States? Though it was no achievement for the Sūn clan, it would have been greatly appropriate for Heaven’s Under. In the past Dòu Róng submitted to Hàn, with the state rising and falling; Zhāng Lǔ surrendered to Wèi, the rewards extended through the generations. All the more if [Sūn] Quán had led all of Wú to watch the winds and obediently submit, the generosity of the favorable treatment, it could have been surmised. That being the case, [Zhāng] Zhāo as a man in planning, how was he not loyal and correct?33
After Sūn Quán claimed Honored Title, Zhāng Zhāo claimed old age and illness to send up and return his office and rank and those he commanded. He was instead appointed Supporting Wú General, ranked second to the Three Excellencies, changed fief to Marquess of Lóu, fief of ten thousand households. Staying at home, he had no tasks, and so wrote an explanation for the Chúnqiū Zuǒshì zhuàn and annotations to the Lúnyǔ. Sūn Quán once asked Minister of the Guard Yán Juǹ: “Can you still recite the books you read in childhood or not?” Yán Jùn therefore recited aloud the Xiàojīng’s Zhòngní jū. Zhāng Zhāo said: “Yán Jùn is an inferior scholar, your servant requests to recite for Your Majesty.” Then he recited aloud the Jūnzǐ zhī Shì Shàng (“A gentleman in serving the Ascended”). Everyone believed Zhāng Zhāo understood what he recited.34
Every time Zhāng Zhāo attended Court and had an audience, his words and air were strong and strict, righteousness formed in his expression. Once, for having blunt speech in opposition to Sūn Quán’s wishes, for a while he did not advance to meet. Later, a Shǔ envoy came, praising Shǔ’s virtue and beauty, and of the various Wú ministers none could repudiate it. Sūn Quán sighed and said: “If Excellency Zhāng were seated here, that [envoy] without being whipped would lose, and how would he ever again be boastful?” The next day, Sūn Quán sent an envoy to show appreciation and inquire after Zhāng Zhāo to take advantage to invite Zhāng Zhāo to a meeting. When Zhāng Zhāo avoided the seating mat and apologized, Sūn Quán knelt and stopped him. Zhāng Zhāo sat, and looking up said: “In the past [your mother] the Dowager Empress and [your brother] King Huán [Sūn Cè] did not entrust Your Old Servant to Your Majesty, but had Your Majesty entrusted to Your Old Servant, and therefore I exhaustively think of a servant’s integrity, to repay their generous kindness, so that after I am gone, there will be something worth praising and narrating, but my thoughts and considerations are shallow and short-sighted, disobedient to your magnificent intentions, and separated myself into distant ruin, to forever be abandoned in ravines, not planning to ever again be immersed in the favor of an audience, able to serve in the curtain tents. However for Your Servant’s foolish heart’s service to the state, the intention is in loyalty and benefit, to the end of life and nothing more. As for changing heart and changing considerations, to steal glory and seek your tolerance, this is not what Your Servant can do.” Sūn Quán apologized.35
Previously, Gōngsūn Yuān had established himself as Administrator of Liáodōng and sent envoys south to communicate with Sūn Quán, exchanging bribes and gifts.36
Fifth Moon in Wú [June 9 - July 8], Wú sent Colonels Zhāng Gāng and Guǎn Dǔ to Liáodōng.37
When Sūn Quán claimed Honored Title, the various Wú ministers informed Shǔ that they would together honor Two Emperors. In Shǔ the commentators all believed the relationship was of no benefit, and that name and form were not in compliance, so it was appropriate to make clear correct relationships by cutting off alliance and friendship. Zhūgě Liàng said: “[Sūn] Quán has had a usurping and rebellious heart for a long time. That the country tolerated his quarrelsome nature, was to seek his assistance to drag and horn. Now if we clearly break off, his hatred of us will certainly deepen, and then we must move troops on eastern campaign and with him grapple, wait until we conquer his lands, and then discuss the central plains. Their worthies and talents are still many, officers and ministers close and reverent, and cannot yet in a single morning be settled. To commit troops and lock together, sit and wait for old age, is to allow the northern rebels to be able to plan [against us], and not the best calculation. In the past Xiào-Wén humbly deferred to the Xiōngnú, and the Former Emperor [Liú Bèi] generously with Wú allied. Both were to answer the expedient and respond to changes, think liberally of distant benefits, and not like a common fellow become enraged. Now the commentators all believe [Sūn] Quán benefits in being a tripod leg, and cannot [with us] join strength, and moreover his ambitions and hopes are fulfilled, and he is without willingness to ascend the riverbanks [against Wèi]. Considering these, they all appear right and yet are wrong. Why is this? His intelligence and strength are no match [against Wèi], and therefore he holds the Jiāng to defend himself. [Sūn] Quán’s inability to cross the Jiāng is like how the Wèi rebels are unable to cross the Hàn [river]: not because our strength is abundant but because the advantage is in not advancing. If our main army goes to suppress [Wèi], they [Wú] at the highest will divide their [Wèi’s] land for their later plans, at the lowest will capture people and expand borders, to show martial power to their interior, and not only sit by. Even if they do not move and yet are friendly to us, our northern expeditions will be without worry of having to look back east, and [Wèi’s] multitudes south of the Hé cannot completely go west. This benefit is also already deep. [Sūn] Quán’s crime of usurpation is not yet appropriate to make clear.” Therefore they sent Minister of the Guard Chén Zhèn to congratulate [Sūn] Quán on correcting his title.38
Sixth Moon in Wú [July 9 - August 6], Shǔ sent its Minister of the Guard Chén Zhèn to congratulate Sūn Quán on his ascension to the throne.39 Chén Zhèn arrived in Wǔchāng. Sūn Quán and Chén Zhèn ascended altar to swear oath of alliance and divide Heaven’s Under.40
Thus divided Heaven’s Under: Yù, Qīng, Xú, Yōu to belong to Wú; Yǎn, Jì, Bìng, Liáng to belong to Shǔ. The lands of Sī province would take Hángǔ Pass as the border. The alliance oath said: “Heaven sent down tragic chaos, the Imperial order lost coherence, rebel ministers took advantage of weakness, to steal away the state’s handle, first with Dǒng Zhuó, last with Cáo Cāo, exhaustive viciousness of utmost evil, to overturn the Four Seas, to cause the Nine Provinces to split apart, and all of Heaven without governance, people and spirits pained and resentful, the ruthlessness not stopped. Reaching to [Cáo] Cāo’s son [Cáo] Pī, of Jié’s rebellious and ugly sort, committing treacherous all around, stealing the Heavenly throne, and little insignificant [Cáo] Ruì continues [Cáo] Pī’s vicious legacy, obstructs soldiers and plunders the lands, and has not yet been submitted to his punishment. In the past Gònggōng disordered and so Gāoxīn sent armies, the Sān Miáo blocked order and so Yú Shùn campaigned. Today to destroy [Cáo] Ruì, to capture his following associates, if not Hàn and Wú, then who is to be appointed? To suppress evil and destroy cruelty, one must sound his crimes. It is appropriate to first divide the regulation of seizing his lands, to allow the hearts of the servicemen and civilians to each know where to submit. Therefore, in the Chūnqiū, when the Marquis of Jìn attacked Wèi, he first divided its fields to give to the Sòng men, this was its meaning. Moreover, the ancients in establishing great affairs, certainly first swore alliance, and therefore the Zhōu Lǐ has the office of Director of Alliances, the Shàng Shū has the writing of declared oaths. Hàn toward Wú, though the trust comes from within, yet in dividing lands and splitting borders, it is appropriate to have alliance treaty. Assistant Chancellor Zhūgě [Liàng]’s virtue and authority are distantly known, assisting and supporting his own state, managing warfare outside, faith touching yīn and yáng, truly moving Heaven and Earth, and again restores alliance, expanding sincerity in treaty oath, causing the east’s and west’s servicemen and civilians to all together hear and know. Therefore, establish altar and kill sacrifice, to brightly declare to the divine intelligence, again drink [sacrificial blood] and apply writing, to accord to Heaven’s office. Heaven High listens below, spiritual authority strengthening sincerity, directing caution directing alliance, various spirits various sacrifices, none do not overlook it. From today after the alliance of Hàn and Wú, its killing strength is of one heart, to together suppress the Wèi rebels, rescue the endangered and relieve the suffering, split disasters and share celebrations, the good and the bad equal, to be without any second thoughts. If there is one that harms Hàn, then Wú will attack it. If there is one that harms Wú, then Hàn will attack it. Each defends their divided territory, without infringing on one another. Transmit to posterity, to continue to the end as in the beginning. All hundreds of treaties, are all to be as the recorded writing. Words of faith are not fanciful; it truly resides in friendship. The violation of this alliance, causes disaster and precedes chaos, to betray and not cooperate, is to degrade Heaven's Mandate, the divine intelligence and upper god will punish and direct, the hundreds of spirits of mountains and streams will entangle and put to death, cause the downfall of their forces, and be without blessings for their state. By the great spirits, clearly reflect on this!”41
Hú Zōng appellation Wěizé was a Rǔnán Gùshǐ man.42 When Shǔ heard Sūn Quán had ascended as Emperor, they sent envoy to reaffirm previous friendly relations. Hú Zōng composed the Alliance Oath.43 From when Sūn Quán governed affairs, the various documents granting tally commands and letters to neighboring states almost all were drafted by Hú Zōng.44
Chén Zhèn appellation Xiàoqǐ was a Nányáng man. When Liú Bèi was designated Jīng Province Governor, Chén Zhèn was recruited as an Attending Official, accompanied Liú Bèi into Shǔ, and after Shǔ was settled, he became Shǔ prefecture North Division Commandant, later Wènshān Administrator, transferred to Qiánwèi. In Jiànxīng Third Year [225] he entered as Secretariat Writers, promoted as Secretariat Writers Director, and served as an envoy to Wú. In Jiànxīng Seventh Year [229] when Sūn Quán claimed Honored Title, Chén Zhèn was appointed Minister of the Guard and sent to give congratulations to Sūn Quán on his ascension. When Chén Zhèn returned, enfeoffed as Chéngyáng precinct Marquess. Jiànxīng Thirteenth Year [235], Chén Zhèn died, his son Chén Jì succeeded.45
Previously in Huángwǔ Second Year [223], Wú changed from the Sìfēn calendar to use the Qiánxiàng calendar.46 Kàn Zé had learned Liú Hóng’s Qiánxiàng method from Dōnglái’s Xú Yuè.47 When Sūn Quán claimed the Honored Title, Kàn Zé became a Secretariat Writer.48
Xuē Zōng appellation Jìngwén was a Pèi prefecture Zhúyì man. When young he joined his clansmen in fleeing the chaos to Jiāo province, and followed Liú Xī in study. When Shì Xiè submitted to Sūn Quán, Xuē Zōng was summoned as a Five Office Internal Cadet General, sent out as Hépǔ and Jiāozhǐ Administrator. When Jiāo’s lands were first opened, the Inspector Lǚ Dài led brigades on suppression campaign [in 226], and Xuē Zōng traveled with him, crossing Háinǎn on campaign, reaching to arrive in Jiǔzhēn. When the matter was completed, Xuē Zōng returned to the capital at Wǔchāng as observing Visitors Deputy Director.
Once, a western (Shǔ) envoy Zhāng Fèng in front of Sūn Quán decomposed Secretariat Writer Kàn Zé’s family name and personal name into its component radicals to mock Kàn Zé, and Kàn Zé could not answer. Xuē Zōng was passing down the liquor, and took advantage of offering the liquor to say:
What is Shǔ?
With a dog it is alone (獨),
Without a dog it is Shǔ (蜀 shǔ).
Sideways eye (目) bent body,
Worm (虫) entering its belly (fù).
Zhāng Fèng said: “Will you not also decompose your Wú?”
Xuē Zōng in answer to the sound said:
Without a mouth (口) it is Heaven (天),
With a mouth (口) it is Wú (吳 wú),
Lord overseeing myriad countries,
Heaven’s Son’s capital (dū)
Therefore the mass of the seated laughed, and Zhāng Fèng had no reply. Xuē Zōng’s opportune quickness was all of this sort.49
Previously, when Cáo Pī ascended as Emperor [in 220], Sūn Quán casually asked his various ministers: “Cáo Pī in his flourishing years ascended the throne, I fear I will not be able to survive him. What do you sirs think?” The various ministers did not reply. Kàn Zē said: “Not reaching ten years, [Cáo] Pī will die. Great King you need not worry.” Sūn Quán said: “How do you know that?” Kàn Zē said: “By the character explaining it, not (不) and ten (十) are Pī (丕). This is the calculation.” Cáo Pī indeed in the seventh year [226] passed away.
Péi Sōngzhī calculates: Sūn Quán was older than Emperor Wén by five years, this age difference is negligible.50
Sixth Moon in Wèi [July 9 - August 7], Guǐmǎo [229 July 29], Wèi Emperor Cáo Ruì’s son the King of Fányáng Cáo Mù died. Wùshēn [229 August 3], posthumously honored Cáo Ruì’s great-great-grandfather the Chief Ever Autumn [Cáo Téng] as Gāo (“High”) Huángdì and his consort the lady Wú as Gāo Huánghou.51
Autumn, Seventh Moon in Wèi [August 8 - September 5], Imperial Order said: “By the Rites, when the ruler lacks a successor, he selects and establishes a branch line’s son to continue the main lineage. Then to continue the orthodox and uphold public righteousness, how can one turn back to look to private personal relations? Hàn [Emperor] Xuān succeeded as Emperor Zhāo’s descendant, but added posthumous Imperial title to mourn his birth father. Emperor Āi was taken from an outer vassal state and enthroned, yet Dǒng Hóng and others out of flattery cited the example of the fallen Qín, confusing and misleading the Court of the time, so that [Emperor Āi] honored [his birth father with posthumous title] as Gōng-huáng and established a Temple in the capital, and also honored a vassal state’s consorts [his father's wives] and placed them in Chángxìn [Palace], ordered Zhāo-Mù [sacrifices] in the Front Palace Hall and also had four positions in the East Palace. He usurped authority and violated etiquette, so that both Men and Spirits did not bless him, and yet condemned Shī Dān who out of loyalty correctly remonstrated, and so it reached the point of the disaster of the burning of the places of [Dowager-Empress] Dīng and Fù. Since then afterward, it has been like this one after another. In the past, when Lǔ [Duke] Wén acted against the proper order of sacrifices, the guilt was on Xiàfù; when the Sòng state was not restrained [in burial etiquette], the ridicule was on Huà Yuán. Thus order the Excellencies and Ministers and managers, to thoroughly take these previous generations’ conduct and matters as warning. If the later successor by a ten thousand to one chance must be taken from the cadet vassal marquesses to enter to continue the main lineage, then he must understand the righteous way to serve as a man’s descendant. If there is one who dares to use evil flattery to guide the ruler of the time to absurdly establish improper titles to violate the orthodox line and call their birth father by Imperial title and their birth mother as Empress, then may the arm and leg great ministers execute him without pardon. This is to be written on metal seals, stored in the Ancestral Temple, and made known as canonical law.”52
Autumn, Ninth Moon in Wú [October 5 - November 3], Sūn Quán moved his capital to Jiànyè.53 Summoned Upper General-in-Chief Lù Xùn to assist the Heir-Apparent Sūn Dēng in defending Wǔchāng and managing the Palace and Office remaining affairs.54
Previously, when Sūn Quán had been Chariots and Cavalry General with headquarters at Jīng, he had formed a Writers Division, Hú Zōng with Shì Yí and Xú Xiáng together organized the military and state confidential affairs. When Liú Bèi went downstream to Báidì, Sūn Quán because his own troops in sight were few, sent Hú Zōng to canvas the various counties, obtaining six thousand men, establishing the Jiěfán two divisions, Xú Xiáng designated Left Division and Hú Zōng designated Right Division Commander.55 When Wèi appointed Sūn Quán as King of Wú, Hú Zōng and Shì Yí and Xú Xiáng all were enfeoffed as precinct Marquesses.56 When Sūn Quán went downstream to set capital at Jiànyè, Xú Xiáng and Hú Zōng both were his Attendant Internals, advanced in fiefs to village Marquesses, and simultaneously the Left and Right Managers of the Army.57 Shì Yí remained at Wǔchāng to assist the Heir-Apparent Sūn Dēng. The Heir-Apparent respected him, in affairs always first consulted him and only afterward acted.58
The previous year, Sūn Quán had promoted Lǚ Fàn to Marshal-in-Chief, but the seal and ribbon had not yet been sent down when he died of illness. Sūn Quán in mourning clothes held morning, sending envoy to posthumously bestow the seal and ribbon. When he returned to set his capital at Jiànyè, he passed by Lǚ Fàn’s tomb, and shouted out “Zǐhéng!” As he cried out he shed tears. Sacrificed with Grand Livestock.59
Lǚ Fàn appellation Zǐhéng was a Rǔnán Xìyáng man.60 Sūn Cè had treated him like close family, going up the hall together to drink and feast in front of Sūn Cè’s mother.61 By nature Lǚ Fàn had authority and prestige, the province’s people like Lù Xùn, Quán Cōng and the sons of the nobility all were respectful and solemn, not daring be frivolous. His residence and dress ornamentation at the time were very extravagant, however he was diligent in service and upholding the law, and therefore Sūn Quán was pleased with his loyalty and not bothered by his extravagance.62
Previously, when Sūn Cè employed Lǚ Fàn to manage property calculations, Sūn Quán at the time was young and would make private requests from him. Lǚ Fàn always reported him, not daring to usurp authority to permit it. At the time because of this he met with disappointment. When Sūn Quán was observing Yángxiàn Chief, he had some private expenses. Sūn Cè sometimes investigated, Sūn Quán’s Merit Department officer Zhōu Gǔ at once would cover it up in the register books, so that there were no reprimands or investigations. Sūn Quán at the time was pleased with him. When Sūn Quán later governed affairs, because Lǚ Fàn was loyal and sincere, he generously met with trust and appointment, and because Zhōu Gǔ was able to deceptively change register books, he was not employed.63
When Sūn Quán moved the capital to Jiànyè, he held a great gathering with the officers and ministers civil and martial, and at the time said to Yán Jùn: “I in the past sighed that Lǔ [Sù] Zǐjìng was comparable to Dèng Yǔ, Lǚ [Fàn] Zǐhéng matched to Wú Hàn. Among the ministers the various people have not yet settled this discussion. Now what do you say to settle it?”
Yán Jùn left his seat and said: “Your Servant does not yet understand the reasoning, and says [Lǔ] Sù and [Lǚ] Fàn in receiving abundant commendations and sighs is excessive.”
Sūn Quán said: “In the past Dèng Zhònghuá first met Guāng-Wǔ [Liú Xiù], Guāng-Wǔ at the time was only Gēngshǐ’s [Liú Xuán] envoy to succor the Hé’s north, enacting Marshal-in-Chief affairs, not yet having ambition to be Emperor or King. [Dèng] Yǔ encouraged him to restore Hàn’s enterprise. This was the start of [Dèng] Yǔ’s suggestions for opening the beginning. [Lǔ Sù] Zǐjìng was outstandingly frank and had remarkable strategy, I only spoke with him once, and he addressed a grand plan, with [Dèng] Yǔ resembling one another, and therefore I compare them. Lǚ [Fàn] Zǐhéng was loyal and sincere, clear and direct, though by nature he enjoyed extravagance, however he worried for the public as foremost, and it was not enough to be a detriment. He fled Yuán Shù to submit himself to my elder brother, my elder brother became a chief officer, separately managing division retainers, and therefore worrying for my elder brother’s affairs, he begged to be a capital commander, managing the protections and preparations. In addition he was respectful and diligent, with Wú Hàn of the same sort, and therefore I match them. Both have reasoning, not my own personal feelings.”
Yán Jùn thus conceded.64
When Sūn Dēng became Imperial Heir-Apparent, Zhūgě Jǐn’s son Zhūgě Kè became Left Supporter, Zhāng Zhāo’s son Zhāng Xiū became Right Assistant, Gù Yōng’s grandson Gù Tán became Supporting Rectifier, and Chén Wǔ’s son Chén Biǎo became Wing Rectifier Commandant; these were the Four Friends. Also Xiè Jǐng, Fàn Shèn, Diāo Xuán, and Yáng Dào and others all were guest retainers, and therefore the East Place was called as Duōshì “Many Servicemen.”65
Sūn Quán had left behind the Heir-Apparent, the Imperial Sons, and the Secretariat Writers Nine Offices at Wǔchāng, and summoned Lù Xùn to support the Heir-Apparent and also handle Jīng province and Yùzhāng three prefecture affairs, supervising and commanding army and state. At the time, Sūn Quán’s second son the Marquess of Jiànchāng Sūn Lǜ in front of his hall built a duck fighting arena, tending to indulge in trivial sports. Lù Xùn with stern expression said: “My Lord Marquess should diligently read the classic canons to reform and benefit yourself. What use is this?” Sūn Lǜ at once destroyed and removed it.
Shooting Sound Colonel Sūn Sōng was the most close among the nobility sons, played with weapons and was not orderly, and Lù Xùn shaved his staff officials.66
Sūn Sōng was the son of Sūn Quán’s deceased younger brother Sūn Yì.67 He excelled in befriending others, thought little of wealth and enjoyed giving out. While defending Bāqiū, he frequently consulted Lù Xùn on gains and losses. Once he had a small transgression, Lù Xùn to the face scolded Sūn Sōng. Sūn Sōng’s expression was not at ease. Lù Xùn observed his slight change, and said: “You formerly listened [to me] not caring for my lowliness, frequently I met with your inquiries, and therefore I came to offer thorough speech, but you change expression. Why?” Sūn Sōng laughed and said: “I also myself am angry to have behaved like this, how can I have disappointments?”68
Nányáng’s Xiè Jǐng praised Liú Yì’s Discourse of ‘First Punishment, Later Ritual.’ Lù Xùn scolded Xiè Jǐng saying: “Ritual’s superiority to punishment has been for a long time. [Liù] Yì with trifling debates are inconsistent with the teachings of the former sages, and are all wrong. You now attend the East Palace, and should comply with benevolence and righteousness to manifest virtuous sound. Things like those [Liú Yì’s] arguments should not be discussed.”69
Though Lù Xùn was posted outside, his attention was on the state, and he later sent up memorial explaining the time’s affairs that said: “Your Servant believes the laws are strict and harsh, arrests of violators are many. In recent years onward, officers and officials have suffered from punishments, and though their inattentiveness can be reprimanded, however Heaven’s Under is not yet unified, one should plan to take initiative, and slightly appropriate to favor and forgive, to calm the feelings of subordinates. Moreover as worldly affairs daily increase, good ability is foremost, if it is not treacherous filth in the body and a difficult to tolerate mistake, one begs to further prominently employ, to exhibit their strength in service. This then is a sagely ruler forgetting mistakes and remembering achievements, to achieve the King’s enterprise. In the past Hàn Gāo [Liú Bāng] discarded Chén Píng’s transgressions, employed his unique strategies, in the end establishing merit of the blessings, achievement passed down a thousand years. Harsh laws and strict punishments are not the expanding enterprise of Emperors and Kings. Having punishments without forgiveness is not a liberal plan to embrace the distant.”70
Sūn Dēng sometimes went shooting and hunting, keeping straight on the road, always keeping far and avoiding good farm land, to not walk on sprouting grain. When stopping and resting, he also selected empty land. His not wishing to bother the people was like this. Once he rode a horse and went out, there was a crossbow pellet that passed by, his Left and Right searched for the shooter. There was a man carrying a belt of crossbow pellets, everyone believed it was him, he argued and would not confess, and the attendants wished to beat him. Sūn Dēng did not listen, and sent them to find the pellet that passed by, compared it, it was not the same kind, and so the man was released. Also he once lost a water steamer golden horse pot, discovered it was the doing of someone in his Left and Right, could not bear to deliver him to punishment, shouted at and scolded him several times, sending him back home, ordering his close intimates to not speak of it.71
Previously, Chén Biǎo was Chén Wǔ’s concubine-born son, younger half-brother of Chén Wǔ’s wife-born successor son Chén Xiū. Chén Xiū resembled Chén Wǔ, and when aged nineteen, Sūn Quán summoned and met him, praised his strictness, appointing him a Separate Division Major, conferring troops of five hundred men. At the time of the various new troops many deserted and fled, but Chén Xiū succored and understood intentions, not losing one man. Sūn Quán was amazed with him, appointing him a Colonel. Near the end of Jiàn’ān [196 - 220], in recollection of accomplished ministers and noting of their descendants, enfeoffed Chén Xiū as a city precinct Marquess, becoming Jiěfán Commander. In Huánglóng Inaugural Year [229] he died.
Chén Xiū’s younger brother Chén Biǎo appellation Wén’ào, Chén Wǔ’s concubine-born son, from youth was famed, with Zhūgě Kè, Gù Tán, Zhāng Xiū and others all were attendants to the East Palace of Sūn Dēng, all close friends together. Secretariat Writer Jì Yàn also with Chén Biǎo had been friendly, later Jì Yàn met punishment, at the time everyone protected themselves, trust thick but words thin, Chén Biǎo alone was not so, and servicemen because of this valued him. From Heir-Apparent’s Resident he was appointed Wing Rectifier Commandant. After his elder brother Chén Xiū died, Chén Biǎo’s mother would not agree to serve Chén Xiū’s mother, Chén Biǎo said to his mother: “Elder brother unfortunately early died, [I, Chén] Biǎo will manage family affairs, and should serve the principal mother [Chén Wǔ’s principal wife]. If mother is able to subdue feeling for me, and submit to the principal mother, it would be my utmost wish. If mother is unable, I can only directly send you out to live elsewhere.” Chén Biǎo’s greatly principled correctness was like this. Because of this the two mothers were emotionally moved and became harmonious.72
Winter, Tenth Moon in Wèi [November 4 - December 3], changed Píngwáng “Justice Seeking” watchtower to Tīngsòng “Hearing Litigation” watchtower. Cáo Ruì always said: “The judiciary is about the lives of Heaven’s Under.” Every time in deciding great judiciary cases, he always visited the watchtower to observe and listen to it.73
Previously, Luòyáng’s Ancestral Temple had not been completed, and the spirit tablets were at Yè’s temple.
Eleventh Moon in Wèi [229 December 4 - 230 January 1], the Temple was first completed, sent Minister of Ceremonies Hán Jì Wielding Staff to welcome the spirit tablets of Gāo Huángdì [Cáo Téng], Tài Huángdì [Cáo Sōng], Wǔ-dì [Cáo Cāo], and Wén-dì [Cáo Pī] from Yè.
Twelfth Moon in Wèi [230 January 2 - January 31], Jǐchǒu [January 11], the spirit tablets arrived in Luòyáng and were installed in the Temple.74
Guǐmǎo [January 25], the Dà Yuèzhī King Bō Diào sent envoy to present tribute, appointed Diào as Qīn Wèi “Friend of Wèi” Dà Yuèzhī King.75
Winter in Shǔ, Zhūgě Liàng moved his Office Barracks to below Nánshān above the plains, building Hàn and Lè two cities.76
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》黃龍元年春，公卿百司皆勸權正尊號。
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》七年春，亮遣陳式攻武都、陰平，遂克定二郡。
《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》魏雍州刺史郭淮率眾欲擊式，亮自出至建威，淮退還，遂平二郡。詔策亮曰：「街亭之役，咎由馬謖，而君引愆，深自貶抑，重違君意，聽順所守。前年燿師，馘斬王雙；今歲爰征，郭淮遁走；降集氐、羌，興復二郡，威鎮凶暴，功勳顯然。方今天下騷擾，元惡未梟，君受大任，幹國之重，而久自挹損，非所以光揚洪烈矣。今復君丞相，君其勿辭。」
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》三年夏四月，元城王禮薨。
《陳壽·魏志二十·元城哀王禮傳》五年，以任城王楷子悌嗣禮後。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》夏四月，夏口、武昌並言黃龍、鳳凰見。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》丙申，南郊即皇帝位。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》吳錄載權告天文曰：「皇帝臣權敢用玄牡昭告于皇皇后帝：漢享國二十有四世，歷年四百三十有四，行氣數終，祿祚運盡，普天弛絕，率土分崩。孽臣曹丕遂奪神器，丕子叡繼世作慝，淫名亂制。權生於東南，遭值期運，承乾秉戎，志在平世，奉辭行罰，舉足為民。群臣將相，州郡百城，執事之人，咸以為天意已去於漢，漢氏已絕祀於天，皇帝位虛，郊祀無主。休徵嘉瑞，前後雜沓，曆數在躬，不得不受。權畏天命，不敢不從，謹擇元日，登壇燎祭，即皇帝位。惟爾有神饗之，左右有吳，永終天祿。」
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》丙申，南郊即皇帝位，是日大赦，改年。追尊父破虜將軍堅為武烈皇帝，母吳氏為武烈皇后，兄討逆將軍策為長沙桓王。吳王太子登為皇太子。將吏皆進爵加賞。
《逸周書·謚法》克定禍亂曰武。
《逸周書·謚法》有功安民曰烈。
《逸周書·謚法》闢土兼國曰桓。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》初，興平中，吳中童謠曰：「黃金車，班蘭耳，闓昌門，出天子。」
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》昌門，吳西郭門，夫差所作。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志二·文帝紀》引《獻帝傳》辛亥，太史丞許芝條魏代漢見讖緯于魏王曰：春秋佐助期曰：『漢以許昌失天下。』
《陳壽·魏志二·文帝紀》改許縣為許昌縣。
《陳壽·吳志十三·陸遜傳》黃龍元年，拜上大將軍、右都護。
《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》權稱尊號，拜大將軍、左都護，領豫州牧。
《陳壽·吳志七·步騭傳》權稱尊號，拜驃騎將軍，領冀州牧。
《陳壽·吳志十一·朱然傳》黃龍元年，拜車騎將軍、右護軍，領兗州牧。
《陳壽·吳志十五·全琮傳》黃龍元年，遷衛將軍、左護軍、徐州牧，尚公主。
《陳壽·吳志十二·朱據傳》黃龍元年，權遷都建業，徵據尚公主，拜左將軍，封雲陽侯。
《陳壽·吳志十一·朱桓傳》黃龍元年，拜桓前將軍，領青州牧，假節。
《陳壽·吳志五·吳主權步夫人傳》吳主權步夫人，臨淮淮陰人也，與丞相騭同族。漢末，其母攜將徙廬江，廬江為孫策所破，皆東渡江，以美麗得幸於權，寵冠後庭。生二女，長曰魯班，字大虎，前配周瑜子循，後配全琮；少曰魯育，字小虎，前配朱據，後配劉纂。
《陳壽·吳志五·吳主權步夫人傳》夫人性不妒忌，多所推進，故久見愛待。權為王及帝，意欲以為后，而群臣議在徐氏，權依違者十餘年，然宮內皆稱皇后，親戚上疏稱中宮。
《陳壽·吳志五·吳主權謝夫人傳》吳主權謝夫人，會稽山陰人也。父㷡，漢尚書郎、徐令。權母吳，為權聘以為妃，愛幸有寵。後權納姑孫徐氏，欲令謝下之，謝不肯，由是失志，早卒。
《陳壽·吳志五·吳主權徐夫人傳》吳主權徐夫人，吳郡富春人也。祖父真，與權父堅相親，堅以妹妻真，生琨。
《陳壽·吳志五·吳主權徐夫人傳》琨生夫人，初適同郡陸尚。尚卒，權為討虜將軍在吳，聘以為妃，使母養子登。後權遷移，以夫人妒忌，廢處吳。積十餘年，權為吳王及即尊號，登為太子，群臣請立夫人為后，權意在步氏，卒不許。後以疾卒。
《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》初，登所生庶賤，徐夫人少有母養之恩，後徐氏以妒廢處吳，而步夫人最寵。步氏有賜，登不敢辭，拜受而已。徐氏使至，所賜衣服，必沐浴服之。登將拜太子，辭曰：「本立而道生，欲立太子，宜先立后。」權曰：「卿母安在？」對曰：「在吳。」權默然。
《陳壽·吳志九·魯肅傳》權稱尊號，臨壇，顧謂公卿曰：「昔魯子敬嘗道此，可謂明於事勢矣。」
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志九·周瑜傳》江表傳曰：後權稱尊號，謂公卿曰：「孤非周公瑾，不帝矣。」
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志七·張昭傳》江表傳曰：權既即尊位，請會百官，歸功周瑜。昭舉笏欲褒贊功德，未及言，權曰：「如張公之計，今已乞食矣。」昭大慚，伏地流汗。昭忠謇亮直，有大臣節，權敬重之，然所以不相昭者，蓋以昔駮周瑜、魯肅等議為非也。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志七·張昭傳》臣松之以為張昭勸迎曹公，所存豈不遠乎？夫其揚休正色，委質孫氏，誠以厄運初遘，塗炭方始，自策及權，才略足輔，是以盡誠匡弼，以成其業，上藩漢室，下保民物；鼎峙之計，本非其志也。曹公仗順而起，功以義立，冀以清一諸華，拓平荊郢，大定之機，在於此會。若使昭議獲從，則六合為一，豈有兵連禍結，遂為戰國之弊哉！雖無功於孫氏，有大當於天下矣。昔竇融歸漢，與國升降；張魯降魏，賞延于世。況權舉全吳，望風順服，寵靈之厚，其可測量哉！然則昭為人謀，豈不忠且正乎！
《陳壽·吳志七·張昭傳》權既稱尊號，昭以老病，上還官位及所統領。更拜輔吳將軍，班亞三司，改封婁侯，食邑萬戶。在里宅無事，乃著春秋左氏傳解及論語注。權嘗問衛尉嚴峻：「寧念小時所闇書不？」峻因誦孝經「仲尼居」。昭曰：「嚴畯鄙生，臣請為陛下誦之。」乃誦「君子之事上」，咸以昭為知所誦。
《陳壽·吳志七·張昭傳》昭每朝見，辭氣壯厲，義形於色，曾以直言逆旨，中不進見。後蜀使來，稱蜀德美，而群臣莫拒，權歎曰：「使張公在坐，彼不折則廢，安復自誇乎？」明日，遣中使勞問，因請見昭。昭避席謝，權跪止之。昭坐定，仰曰：「昔太后、桓王不以老臣屬陛下，而以陛下屬老臣，是以思盡臣節，以報厚恩，使泯沒之後，有可稱述，而意慮淺短，違逆盛旨，自分幽淪，長棄溝壑，不圖復蒙引見，得奉帷幄。然臣愚心所以事國，志在忠益，畢命而已。若乃變心易慮，以偷榮取容，此臣所不能也。」權辭謝焉。
《陳壽·魏志八·公孫度傳》明帝即（位）拜淵揚烈將軍、遼東太守。淵遣使南通孫權，往來賂遺。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》五月，使校尉張剛、管篤之遼東。
裴松之注《陳壽·蜀志五·諸葛亮傳》漢晉春秋曰：是歲，孫權稱尊號，其群臣以並尊二帝來告。議者咸以為交之無益，而名體弗順，宜顯明正義，絕其盟好。亮曰：「權有僭逆之心久矣，國家所以略其釁情者，求掎角之援也。今若加顯絕，讎我必深，便當移兵東（戍）〔伐〕，與之角力，須并其土，乃議中原。彼賢才尚多，將相緝穆，未可一朝定也。頓兵相持，坐而須老，使北賊得計，非算之上者。昔孝文卑辭匈奴，先帝優與吳盟，皆應權通變，弘思遠益，非匹夫之為（分）〔忿〕者也。今議者咸以權利在鼎足，不能併力，且志望以滿，無上岸之情，推此，皆似是而非也。何者？其智力不侔，故限江自保；權之不能越江，猶魏賊之不能渡漢，非力有餘而利不取也。若大軍致討，彼高當分裂其地以為後規，下當略民廣境，示武於內，非端坐者也。若就其不動而睦於我，我之北伐，無東顧之憂，河南之眾不得盡西，此之為利，亦已深矣。權僭之罪，未宜明也。」乃遣衛尉陳震慶權正號。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》六月，蜀遣衛尉陳震慶權踐位。
《陳壽·蜀志九·陳震傳》震到武昌，孫權與震升壇歃盟，交分天下：以徐、豫、幽、青屬吳，并、涼、冀、兗屬蜀，其司州之土，以函谷關為界。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》權乃參分天下，豫、青、徐、幽屬吳，兗、冀、并、涼屬蜀。其司州之土，以函谷關為界，造為盟曰：「天降喪亂，皇綱失敘，逆臣乘釁，劫奪國柄，始於董卓，終於曹操，窮凶極惡，以覆四海，至令九州幅裂，普天無統，民神痛怨，靡所戾止。及操子丕，桀逆遺醜，荐作姦回，偷取天位，而叡么麼，尋丕凶蹟，阻兵盜土，未伏厥誅。昔共工亂象而高辛行師，三苗干度而虞舜征焉。今日滅叡，禽其徒黨，非漢與吳，將復誰任？夫討惡翦暴，必聲其罪，宜先分製，奪其土地，使士民之心，各知所歸。是以春秋晉侯伐衛，先分其田以畀宋人，斯其義也。且古建大事，必先盟誓，故周禮有司盟之官，尚書有告誓之文，漢之與吳，雖信由中，然分土裂境，宜有盟約。諸葛丞相德威遠著，翼戴本國，典戎在外，信感陰陽，誠動天地，重復結盟，廣誠約誓，使東西士民咸共聞知。故立壇殺牲，昭告神明，再歃加書，副之天府。天高聽下，靈威棐諶，司慎司盟，群神群祀，莫不臨之。自今日漢、吳既盟之後，戮力一心，同討魏賊，救危恤患，分災共慶，好惡齊之，無或攜貳。若有害漢，則吳伐之；若有害吳，則漢伐之。各守分土，無相侵犯。傳之後葉，克終若始。凡百之約。皆如載書。信言不豔，實居于好。有渝此盟，創禍先亂，違貳不協，慆慢天命，明神上帝是討是督，山川百神是糾是殛，俾墜其師，無克祚國。于爾大神，其明鑒之！」
《陳壽·吳志十七·胡綜傳》胡綜字偉則，汝南固始人也。
《陳壽·吳志十七·胡綜傳》蜀聞權踐阼，遣使重申前好。綜為盟文，文義甚美，語在權傳。
《陳壽·吳志十七·胡綜傳》凡自權統事，諸文誥策命，鄰國書符，略皆綜之所造也。
《陳壽·蜀志九·陳震傳》陳震字孝起，南陽人也。先主領荊州牧，辟為從事，部諸郡，隨先主入蜀。蜀既定，為蜀郡北部都尉，因易郡名，為汶山太守，轉在犍為。建興三年，入拜尚書，遷尚書令，奉命使吳。七年，孫權稱尊號，以震為衛尉，賀權踐阼，諸葛亮與兄瑾書曰：「孝起忠純之性，老而益篤，及其贊述東西，歡樂和合，有可貴者。」震入吳界，移關候曰：「東之與西，驛使往來，冠蓋相望，申盟初好，日新其事。東尊應保聖祚，告燎受符，剖判土宇，天下響應，各有所歸。於此時也，以同心討賊，則何寇不滅哉！西朝君臣，引領欣賴。震以不才，得充下使，奉聘敘好，踐界踊躍，入則如歸。獻子適魯，犯其山諱，春秋譏之。望必啟告，使行人睦焉。即日張旍誥眾，各自約誓。順流漂疾，國典異制，懼或有違，幸必斟誨，示其所宜。」震到武昌，孫權與震升壇歃盟，交分天下：以徐、豫、幽、青屬吳，并、涼、冀、兗屬蜀，其司州之土，以函谷關為界。震還，封城陽亭侯。九年，都護李平坐誣罔廢；諸葛亮與長史蔣琬、侍中董允書曰：「孝起前臨至吳，為吾說正方腹中有鱗甲，鄉黨以為不可近。吾以為鱗甲者但不當犯之耳，不圖復有蘇、張之事出於不意。可使孝起知之。」十三年，震卒。子濟嗣。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》二年春正月，曹真分軍據江陵中州。是月，城江夏山。改四分，用乾象曆。
《沈約·宋書十二·律曆中》吳中書令闞澤受劉洪乾象法於東萊徐岳字公河。故孫氏用乾象曆，至于吳亡。
《陳壽·吳志八·闞澤傳》及稱尊號，以澤為尚書。
《陳壽·吳志八·薛綜傳》薛綜字敬文，沛郡竹邑人也。少依族人避地交州，從劉熙學。士燮既附孫權，召綜為五官中郎〔將〕，除合浦、交阯太守。時交土始開，刺吏呂岱率師討伐，綜與俱行，越海南征，及到九真。事畢還都，守謁者僕射。西使張奉於權前列尚書闞澤姓名以嘲澤，澤不能答。綜下行酒，因勸酒曰：「蜀者何也？有犬為獨，無犬為蜀，橫目苟身，虫入其腹。」奉曰：「不當復列君吳邪？」綜應聲曰：「無口為天，有口為吳，君臨萬邦，天子之都。」於是眾坐喜笑，而奉無以對。其樞機敏捷，皆此類也。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志八·闞澤傳》吳錄曰：虜翻稱澤曰：「闞生矯傑，蓋蜀之揚雄。」又曰：「闞子儒術德行，亦今之仲舒也。」初，魏文帝即位，權嘗從容問群臣曰：「曹丕以盛年即位，恐孤不能及之，諸卿以為如何？」群臣未對，澤曰：「不及十年，丕其沒矣，大王勿憂也。」權曰：「何以知之？」澤曰：「以字言之，不十為丕，此其數也。」文帝果七年而崩。臣松之計孫權年大文帝五歲，其為長幼也微矣。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》六月癸卯，繁陽王穆薨。戊申，追尊高祖大長秋曰高皇帝，夫人吳氏曰高皇后。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》秋七月，詔曰：「禮，王后無嗣，擇建支子以繼大宗，則當纂正統而奉公義，何得復顧私親哉！漢宣繼昭帝後，加悼考以皇號；哀帝以外藩援立，而董宏等稱引亡秦，惑誤時朝，既尊恭皇，立廟京都，又寵藩妾，使比長信，敘昭穆於前殿，並四位於東宮，僭差無度，人神弗祐，而非罪師丹忠正之諫，用致丁、傅焚如之禍。自是之後，相踵行之。昔魯文逆祀，罪由夏父；宋國非度，譏在華元。其令公卿有司，深以前世行事為戒。後嗣萬一有由諸侯入奉大統，則當明為人後之義；敢為佞邪導諛時君，妄建非正之號以干正統，謂考為皇，稱妣為后，則股肱大臣，誅之無赦。其書之金策，藏之宗廟，著於令典。」
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》秋九月，權遷都建業，因故府不改館，徵上大將軍陸遜輔太子登，掌武昌留事。
《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》權遷都建業，徵上大將軍陸遜輔登鎮武昌，領宮府留事。
《陳壽·吳志十七·胡綜傳》權為車騎將軍，都京，召綜還，為書部，與是儀、徐詳俱典軍國密事。劉備下白帝，權以見兵少，使綜料諸縣，得六千人，立解煩兩部，詳領左部、綜領右部督。
《陳壽·吳志十七·胡綜傳》魏拜權為吳王，封綜、儀、詳皆為亭侯。
《陳壽·吳志十七·胡綜傳》權下都建業，詳、綜並為侍中，進封鄉侯，兼左右領軍。
《陳壽·吳志十七·是儀傳》大駕東遷，太子登留鎮武昌，使儀輔太子。太子敬之，事先諮詢，然後施行。
《陳壽·吳志十一·呂範傳》黃武七年，範遷大司馬，印綬未下，疾卒。權素服舉哀，遣使者追贈印綬。及還都建業，權過範墓呼曰：「子衡！」言及流涕，祀以太牢。
《陳壽·吳志十一·呂範傳》呂範字子衡，汝南細陽人也。
《陳壽·吳志十一·呂範傳》策亦親戚待之，每與升堂，飲宴於太妃前。
《陳壽·吳志十一·呂範傳》性好威儀，州民如陸遜、全琮及貴公子，皆脩敬虔肅，不敢輕脫。其居處服飾，於時奢靡，然勤事奉法，故權悅其忠，不怪其侈。
《陳壽·吳志十一·呂範傳》初策使範典主財計，權時年少，私從有求，範必關白，不敢專許，當時以此見望。權守陽羨長，有所私用，策或料覆，功曹周谷輒為傅著簿書，使無譴問。權臨時悅之，及後統事，以範忠誠，厚見信任，以谷能欺更簿書，不用也。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志十一·呂範傳》江表傳曰：初，權移都建業，大會將相文武，時謂嚴畯曰：「孤昔歎魯子敬比鄧禹，呂子衡方吳漢，閒卿諸人未平此論，今定云何？」畯退席曰：「臣未解指趣，謂肅、範受饒，褒歎過實。」權曰：「昔鄧仲華初見光武，光武時受更始使，撫河北，行大司馬事耳，未有帝王志也。禹勸之以復漢業，是禹開初議之端矣。子敬英爽有殊略，孤始與一語，便及大計，與禹相似，故比之。呂子衡忠篤亮直，性雖好奢，然以憂公為先，不足為損，避袁術自歸於兄，兄作大將，別領部曲，故憂兄事，乞為都督，辦護脩整，加之恪勤，與吳漢相類，故方之。皆有指趣，非孤私之也。」畯乃服。
《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》黃龍元年，權稱尊號，立為皇太子，以恪為左輔，休右弼，譚為輔正，表為翼正都尉，是為四友，而謝景、范慎、刁玄、羊茞等皆為賓客，於是東宮號為多士。
《陳壽·吳志十三·陸遜傳》是歲，權東巡建業，留太子、皇子及尚書九官，徵遜輔太子，並掌荊州及豫章三郡事，董督軍國。時建昌侯慮於堂前作鬥鴨欄，頗施小巧，遜正色曰：「君侯宜勤覽經典以自新益，用此何為？」慮即時毀徹之。射聲校尉松於公子中最親，戲兵不整，遜對之髡其職吏。
《陳壽·吳志六·孫翊傳》子松為射聲校尉、都鄉侯。
裴松之《陳壽·吳志六·孫翊傳》吳錄曰：松善與人交，輕財好施。鎮巴丘，數咨陸遜以得失。嘗有小過，遜面責松，松意色不平，遜觀其少釋，謂曰：「君過聽不以某鄙，數見訪及，是以承來意進盡言，便變色，何也？」松笑曰：「屬亦自忿行事有此，豈有望邪！」
《陳壽·吳志十三·陸遜傳》南陽謝景善劉廙先刑後禮之論，遜呵景曰：「禮之長於刑久矣，廙以細辯而詭先聖之教，皆非也。君今侍東宮，宜遵仁義以彰德音，若彼之談，不須講也。」
《陳壽·吳志十三·陸遜傳》遜雖身在外，乃心於國，上疏陳時事曰：「臣以為科法嚴峻，下犯者多。頃年以來，將吏罹罪，雖不慎可責，然天下未一，當圖進取，小宜恩貸，以安下情。且世務日興，良能為先，自（不）〔非〕姦穢入身，難忍之過，乞復顯用，展其力效。此乃聖王忘過記功，以成王業。昔漢高舍陳平之愆，用其奇略，終建勳祚，功垂千載。夫峻法嚴刑，非帝王之隆業；有罰無恕，非懷遠之弘規也。」
《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》登或射獵，當由徑道，常遠避良田，不踐苗稼，至所頓息，又擇空閒之地，其不欲煩民如此。嘗乘馬出，有彈丸過，左右求之。有一人操彈佩丸，咸以為是，辭對不服，從者欲捶之，登不聽，使求過丸，比之非類，乃見釋。又失盛水金馬盂，覺得其主，左右所為，不忍致罰，呼責數之，長遣歸家，敕親近勿言。
《陳壽·吳志十·陳武傳》子脩有武風，年十九，權召見獎厲，拜別部司馬，授兵五百人。時諸新兵多有逃叛，而脩撫循得意，不失一人。權奇之，拜為校尉。建安末，追錄功臣後，封脩都亭侯，為解煩督。黃龍元年卒。弟表，字文奧，武庶子也，少知名，與諸葛恪、顧譚、張休等並侍東宮，皆共親友。尚書暨豔亦與表善，後豔遇罪，時人咸自營護，信厚言薄，表獨不然，士以此重之。（徙）〔從〕太子中庶子，拜翼正都尉。兄脩亡後，表母不肯事脩母，表謂其母曰：「兄不幸早亡，表統家事，當奉嫡母。母若能為表屈情，承順嫡母者，是至願也；若母不能，直當出別居耳。」表於大義公正如此。由是二母感寤雍穆。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》冬十月，改平望觀曰聽訟觀。帝常言「獄者，天下之性命也」，每斷大獄，常幸觀臨聽之。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》初，洛陽宗廟未成，神主在鄴廟。十一月，廟始成，使太常韓暨持節迎高皇帝、太皇帝、武帝、文帝神主于鄴，十二月己丑至，奉安神主于廟。
《陳壽·魏志三·明帝紀》癸卯，大月氏王波調遣使奉獻，以調為親魏大月氏王。
《陳壽·蜀志三·後主傳》冬，亮徙府營於南山下原上，築漢、樂二城。是歲，孫權稱帝，與蜀約盟，共交分天下。