[221] Huángchū 2/Zhāngwǔ 1/Jiàn'ān 26, Part 4
221 AD, Part 4, Wèi pacifies the West, Sūn Quán becomes King of Wú
Winter, Tenth Moon [221 November 3 – December 1], Wèi awarded former Hàn Grand Commandant Yáng Biāo title as Radiant Merit Grandee. Because grain was expensive, abolished the wǔzhū coinage.1
Jǐhài [221 Nov 4], Wèi’s Three Excellencies and Nine Ministers held Court on the morning of the first day of the moon, together welcoming former Hàn Grand Commandant Yáng Biāo, attending to him with the Rites due a guest, and Imperial Order said: “The former Kings set bestowments of [sitting] tables and [walking] staffs, in order to give guest courtesy to the yellow [light-haired] aged and commend and esteem foremost elders. In the past Kǒng Guāng and Zhuó Mào both by their warm virtue and high years, received these sorts of praise and bestowment. Your Excellency formerly was Hàn’s honored minister, and since your grandfather onward, the world made note of your reputation and moral integrity. Your years pass seventy, your conduct does not violate regulation, and you can be said to be an aged accomplished man, and should be specially favored by statements of your old virtue. Thus bestow on your Excellency Prolonging Years Staff and Leaning Table. On days of visiting, you can with staff enter, and also can wear deer skin cap.” Yáng Biāo declined and would not accept, and only wore unlined clothes and plain skin cap to meet.
Previously, Yáng Biāo observed Hàn’s blessings were about to end, and because his family had for generations served Hàn in the Three Excellencies, he was ashamed to be a Wèi subject, and therefore claimed to have leg cramps and could no longer walk. After over ten years, Cáo Pī succeeded the King’s throne, wished to appoint him Wèi Grand Commandant, and ordered his closest ministers to announce his intention. Yáng Biāo declined saying: “I served the Hàn Court in the Three Excellencies, encountering an age of decline and chaos, and could not establish any measurable benefit. If I again become a Wèi minister, for the state in this selection, it would also not be an honor.” Cáo Pī did not contest his intentions.2
Previously, Yáng Biāo’s son Yáng Xiū appellation Dézǔ for his close connection to Cáo Zhí had been executed by Cáo Cāo in Jiàn’ān Twenty Fourth Year’s Autumn.3
Previously, Yáng Xiū had obtained a sword from Wáng Máo and presented it to Cáo Pī. Cáo Pī always wore it. When he had ascended the Honored Rank and was in Luòyáng, the Emperor once casually went out from the Palace, remembered Yáng Xiū, stroked his sword, stopped his carriage and turned to his Left and Right saying: “This is what Yáng Dézǔ in the past said was a Wáng Máo sword. Is [Wáng] Máo still alive?” Upon summoning and meeting him, bestowed on Wáng Máo grain and silk.4
Previously in Liáng province, Lúshǔi Hú Yījiànjìqiè, Zhìyuánduō and others had rebelled, the Hé’s west was greatly disturbed. The Wèi Emperor worried of this, saying: “If it is not [Zhāng] Jì, none are able to secure Liáng province.” Then he summoned back Zōu Qí, having Zhāng Jì succeed him as Liáng Province Inspector. Imperial Order said: “In the past Jiǎ Fù requested to strike Yǎn rebels, Guāng-Wǔ laughed and said: ‘With the Metal Mace Bearer striking Yǎn, what further worries do I have?’ Your planning and strategy surpasses others, now then is its time. By convenience undertake affairs, do not first request [permission].”
Sent Protector of the Army Xiàhóu Rú, General Fèi Yào and others successively to his rear. Zhāng Jì arrived at Jīnchéng, wished to cross the Hé, the various officers and defenders believed: “The troops are few and roads are rugged, [we] cannot deeply penetrate.” Zhāng Jì said: “Though the road is rugged, it is not as narrow as Jǐngxíng, the Yí and Dí like crows gather, without Zuǒ Chē’s planning. Now Wǔwēi is critically endangered, going there must be fast.” Therefore he crossed the Hé.
The rebels of over seven thousand cavalry opposed the army at Zhānyīn river’s mouth, Zhāng Jì spread sound the army was following Zhānyīn, and then secretly followed the Qiěcì to set out to reach Wǔwēi. The Hú thought it fast like a divinity, and withdrew to Xiǎnměi. Zhāng Jì already occupied Wǔwēi, Fèi Yào then arrived, Xiàhóu Rú and the rest had not yet arrived. Zhāng Jì rewarded the officers and soldiers, wishing to advance the army to strike the Hú. The various officers all said: “The troops are tired, the caitiff masses’ morale is sharp, difficult to with them contest.” Zhāng Jì said: “Now the army is without provisions, and must from the enemy take resources. If the caitiffs see troops gather, they will withdraw to depend on deep mountains, if pursuing them then the roads are rugged and [we will] be exhausted and hungry, the troops returning then can only wait for the enemy to plunder. If it is like this, the fighting cannot be resolved, what is called: ‘one day releasing the enemy, the troubles are for several generations.'” Therefore he advanced the army to Xiǎnměi.
The Hú cavalry of several thousand because of large wind wished to set fire to burn the camps, and the officers and soldiers were all afraid. Zhāng Jì in the night hid elite soldiers of three thousand men as ambush, sending Advisor to the Army Chénggōng Yīng to command over a thousand cavalry to challenge battle, ordered to feign retreat. The Hú indeed fought and pursued them, and therefore set out the ambush to cut off their reader, head and tail advancing to strike, greatly defeating them, beheading and capturing alive in the tens of thousands.5
Eleventh Moon, Xīnwèi [December 6], Defending West General Cáo Zhēn ordered his army officers and the provincial and prefecture troops to suppress and destroy the rebelling Hú Zhìyuánduō, Lúshuǐ, Fēngshǎng and others, beheading over 50,000, capturing alive 100,000, sheep of 1,110,000, cattle of 80,000, and the Hé's west was therefore pacified.
When the Wèi Emperor Cáo Pī previously heard the Hú had diverted rivers to flood Xiǎnměi, he said to his left and right and various officers: “In the past Wěi Áo flooded Lüèyáng, but Guāng-Wǔ took advantage of his exhaustion, advanced troops and destroyed him. Now the Hú have diverted rivers to flood Xiǎnměi, and this matter exactly resembles it. Report of the Hú’s defeat will not be long after now.” In ten days, report of the Hú’s defeat arrived, and the Ascended greatly laughed and said: “I planned among the curtains inside, the various Generals vigorously strike far away outside, corresponding to each other like joining Tally to Staff. From beginning to end in battling and capturing barbarians, there has never been any like this.”6
The Wèi Emperor was extremely pleased, and Imperial Order on Zhāng Jì said: “You crossed the Hé and through terrain, with the labored struck the leisurely, with the few surpassed the many, the achievement surpassing Nán Zhòng, the diligence exceeding Jí Fǔ. This merit is not only defeating the Hú, is thus forever calmed the Hé’s right, allowing me to ever have no worries of looking back west.” Transferred Zhāng Jì’s fief to Marquess of Xīxiāng, increased fief by two hundred, adding with the previous to four hundred households.7
Some time later, Jiǔquán’s Sū Héng rebelled, with the Qiāng leader Lín Dài and Dīnglíng Hú of over ten thousand cavalry attack the border counties. Zhāng Jì with Xiàhóu Rú struck and defeated them. Sū Héng and Lín Dài and others all surrendered. Therefore Zhāng Jì sent up memorial to request to with Xiàhóu Rú set headquarters at Zuǒchéng, build Zhāngsāi, and install beacon scouts and watchtowers to prepare against the Hú. The western Qiāng were afraid and led multitudes of over twenty thousand groups to surrender. Afterward, Xīpíng’s Qū Guāng and others killed their prefecture administrator, the various officers wished to strike them. Zhāng Jì said: “Only [Qū] Guāng and the rest have rebelled, the prefecture’s peoples are not yet necessarily all in agreement. If we suddenly with the army overlook them, the officials and civilians and Qiāng and Hú will certainly say that the country does not distinguish right and wrong, and further cause all to lock together. This is to add wings to a tiger. [Qū] Guāng and the rest wish to have the Qiāng and Hú be assistance. Now first send the Qiāng and Hú to plunder and strike, doubling their rewards gathering, and all that they capture will be conferred on them. Outside it will block their momentum, inside it will separate their relations, and certainly without battle it will be settled.” Thus sent orders to inform the various Qiāng that those who had been deceived by Qū Guāng and others would be pardoned, and those able to behead and send the heads of the rebel commanders would receive fief and reward. Therefore Qū Guāng’s faction cut off and sent Qū Guāng’s head, the rest all settled down as before.8
Xiàhóu Rú appellation Jùnlín was Xiàhóu Shàng’s younger cousin. Previously when the Marquess of Yānlíng Cáo Zhāng had been Acting Valiant Cavalry General, Xiàhóu Rú was his Major.9
Eleventh Moon in Wèi [221 December 2 – December 31], Jǐmǎo [221 December 14], General-in-Chief Cáo Rén became Marshal-in-Chief.10 Imperial Order also had Cáo Rén move his garrison to Línyǐng.11
Eleventh Moon in Wú [221 December 2 – December 31], Wèi envoy Xíng Zhēn arrived in Wǔchāng to appoint Sūn Quán as King of Wú. Xíng Zhēn entered the gates, but did not dismount carriage. Zhāng Zhāo said to Xíng Zhēn: “Rites should not lack in reverence, so that Law not lack in enactment, but you sir dare esteem yourself as so great! Do you believe the Jiāng’s south is weak, without a square cùn of a blade’s edge?” [Xíng] Zhēn at once hurriedly dismounted carriage.12
Sūn Quán had gone out to the city precinct to wait for Xíng Zhēn, Xíng Zhēn had an arrogant expression, Zhāng Zhāo was furious, and Xú Shèng was angry and indignant, and looked back to those he was lined up with to say: “We Shèng and the rest cannot exert ourselves to set out command, to for the country absorb Xǔ and Luò, swallow Bā and Shǔ, and instead have our lord with [Xíng] Zhēn swear alliance, is not also a disgrace?” Therefore he shed tears overflowing. [Xíng] Zhēn heard this, and said to his followers: “The Jiāng’s east’s officers and ministers like this will not long remain subordinates of another.”13
The tally mandate on Sūn Quán said in part:
“Watching the winds and shadows attaching, resisting obstruction to declare yourself vassal, simultaneously presenting fine linen and the southern quarter’s tribute, all sending various officers to come back to Our Court, loyalty and respect inside developing, forms and sincerity outside shining, faith written on metal and stone, righteousness covering mountains and rivers, we deeply praise this. Now enfeoff you as King of Wú, sending Envoy Wielding Staff the Minister of Ceremonies and Marquess of Gāopíng [Xíng] Zhēn, to give to you the Seal and Ribbon and tally documents, metal tiger talismans rank one to rank five, left bamboo envoy talismans rank one to rank ten, to be General-in-Chief, Envoy Wielding Staff as Commander of Jiāo Province, designate Jīng Province Governor affairs, bestowing on you dark earth, bag of white reeds, to answer and raise Our mandate, and administer the eastern lands. Thus, send up the former Agile Cavalry General and Marquess of Nánchāng seal and ribbon and talisman and tally. Now apply to you the Nine Bestowments, thus respectfully listen to the following commands:
“As you pacified and secured the southeast, ordering the outside of the Jiāng, the civilians and foreigners secure in enterprise, without any harboring treachery, thus employ bestowment on you of a Great Chariot and War Chariot one of each, dark stallions of two teams of four.
“You attend to wealth and encourage agriculture, the granaries and depots full of stores, thus employ bestowment on you of clothes of robe and cap, with red shoes to match.
“You transform the people with virtue, ritual and teaching raised and enacted, thus employ bestowment on you of music of hanging instruments.
“You announce and promote good custom, conciliate the hundred Yuè, thus employ bestowment on you of vermillion doors for your residence.
“You convey talent and planning, government officials appoint the worthy, thus employ bestowment on you of a step ramp to ascend.
“Your loyalty and bravery are both exerted, clearing away the treacherous and evil, thus employ bestowment on you of guards of Tiger Elite of a hundred men.
“Your shaking authority rises and strides, declaring strength in Jīng’s south, destroying and exterminating the vicious and disgraceful, the guilty men then obtained, thus employ bestowment on you of ax and battle-ax one of each.
“Your cultural harmony is in the inside, martial faith is on the outside, thus employ bestowment on you of red bow of one, red arrows of a hundred, black bows of ten, black arrows of a thousand.
“You take loyalty and reverence as foundation, respect and frugality as virtue, thus employ bestowment on you of black millet libation liquor of one bottle, with jade libation cup to match.
“Venerate ah! Respectful apply admonishment standards, to submit to Our Mandate, to exhort and minister our country, to forever extend your prominent intensity.”14
Previously, Sūn Quán’s various ministers commented, believing it was appropriate to declare himself Upper General and Earl of Nine Provinces, and he should not accept Wèi’s enfeoffment as King of Wú. Sūn Quán said: “‘Earl of Nine Provinces,’ from the ancients one has never been heard of such a thing. In the past the Duke of Pèi also received Xiàng Yǔ’s appointment to be King of Hàn; this overall was only a timely expedience, it again is to have what harm?” Therefore, he accepted it.15
Twelfth Moon [222 January 1 – January 29], the Wèi Emperor went on an eastern tour. That year, Wèi built Língyún Tower.16
That year, Liú Bèi’s army had reached Wūshān and Zǐguī and sent envoys to entice Wǔlíng’s Mányí, lending authority and seals and tallies, promising them fiefs and rewards, and therefore various counties and the Wǔxī peoples all rebelled to join Shǔ. Sūn Quán appointed Lù Xùn as Commander, to command Zhū Rán, Pān Zhāng and others to resist them.17
Previously in Yánkāng Inaugural Year, Sūn Quán had sent Lǚ Dài to succeed Bù Zhì in Jiāo province, Bù Zhì commanded from Jiāo province volunteer soldiers of ten thousand men north to Chángshā. It happened Liú Bèi went downstream east, Wǔlíng’s Mányí were disturbed, and Sūn Quán therefore ordered Bù Zhì go up to Yìyáng.18
Previously, Zhūgě Jǐn had succeeded Lǚ Méng as Wú’s Administrator of Nán prefecture, stationing Gōng’ān.19
Zhūgě Jǐn appellation Zǐyú was a Lángyé Yángdū man,20 but his younger brother Zhūgě Liàng was Shǔ-Hàn’s Assistant Chancellor.21 Around that time, Zhūgě Jǐn had written to dissuade Liú Bèi from attacking Wú,22 and someone reported Zhūgě Jǐn for separately sending personal messengers to secretly communicate with Liú Bèi. Sūn Quán said: “I and Zǐyú have an unchanging oath in life or death, Zǐyú will never turn on me, just as I will never turn on Zǐyú.”23
While Zhūgě Jǐn was at Nán prefecture, someone once secretly slandered Zhūgě Jǐn, this report spread as rumor outside, and Lù Xùn memorialized to swear that Zhūgě Jǐn was not like this, and it was appropriate to dismiss such suspicions. Sūn Quán’s reply said: “Zǐyú and I have been together for many years, our affection like bone and flesh kin, deeply understanding one another. His action is a man is, if it is against principle then he does not act, if it is not right he does not speak. When Xuándé [Liú Bèi] previously sent Kǒngmíng [Zhūgě Liàng] to Wú, I once said to Zǐyú: ‘You and Kǒngmíng were born of the same womb, and moreover a younger brother follows the elder. This is obedience to righteousness. Why not keep Kǒngmíng here? If Kǒngmíng is willing to follow you, then I will write a letter to explain things to Xuándé, that he can follow anyone of his own choosing.’ Zǐyú replied to me saying: ‘My younger brother Liàng has devoted himself to someone, will not change from what he has decided, and will not have second thoughts. My younger brother will not stay, just as I would not leave.’ These words are enough to move spirits. Now how can things be like this? All these previous absurd written accusations I have received I showed to Zǐyú and also hand written to Zǐyú, and have received his reply, discussing that in Heaven’s Under the great integrity between master and servant is definite. I and Zǐyú can be said to be spiritually connected, and cannot be separated by outside words. I know your intention, and have gathered the memorial that has arrived and shown it to Zǐyú, so that he too can know your intentions.”24
Wú sent Commandant Zhào Zī as a reply envoy to Wèi. The Wèi Emperor asked: “The King of Wú is what sort of ruler?” Zhào Zī replied: “Intelligent and enlightened, benevolent and wise, a ruler of heroism and comprehension.” The Emperor asked his evidence, Zhào Zī said: “Accepting Lǔ Sù from common ranks, this was his intelligence; drawing out Lǚ Méng from the battle lines, this was his enlightenment; capturing Yú Jīn but not harming him, this was his benevolence; taking Jīng province but the soldiers did not bloody their blades, this was his wisdom; occupying three provinces and like a tiger watching Heaven’s Under, this is his heroism; humbling himself to Your Majesty, this is his comprehension.”25
The Wèi Emperor had wished to enfeoff Sūn Quán’s son Sūn Dēng. Sūn Quán, as Sūn Dēng was young, sent up reply letter declining enfeoffment, and again sent his West Department Official Shěn Héng as envoy to explain apologies, and also present local tribute. Established [Sūn] Dēng as King’s Heir-Apparent.26
That year, Wèi Emperor Cáo Pī had sent envoy to Wú to request sparrow head incense, large shells, bright pearls, elephant tusk, rhinoceros horns, tortoise shells, peacocks, tree kingfisher, fighting ducks, long cry fowls. The various Wú ministers memorialized saying: “Jīng and Yáng two provinces, their tribute has regular standards, Wèi’s requested treasures are against ritual, it is appropriate to not send it.” Sūn Quán said: “In the past Huì Shī honored Qí as king, guests criticized him saying: ‘Your Excellency's teaching is to abolish nobility, now you take Qí as a king, why this reversal?’ Huì-zǐ said: ‘There was a man like this, wishing to strike his beloved child’s head, yet a rock could replace it. The child’s head is important and the rock is slight; with the slight replacing the important, how can it not be permissible?’ Now there is a problem to the northwest, the Jiāng’s border’s fundamental people rely on the ruler for their lives, are they not my beloved children? What he has requested, to me are only tiles and stones, why would I begrudge them? He is [supposed to be] in the middle of mourning [for his father], and yet his requests are like this, how can one talk of ritual with him?” All were prepared and given to Wèi.27
Wèi Emperor Cáo Pī asked Shěng Héng saying: “Does Wú suspect Wèi will head east [against Wú]?” Shěn Héng said: “It is not suspicious.” Cáo Pī said: “Why?” Shěn Héng said: “It trusts and relies on the old alliance, speaks of returning to friendship, and therefore is not suspicious. If Wèi violates the alliance, we already have preparations.” Cáo Pī also asked: “One hears the Heir-Apparent [Sūn Dēng] is about to come [to Wèi], is it so?” Shěn Héng said: “Your servant in the eastern court was not seated at court, and did not participate at feasts, so as for this discussion, I have heard nothing.” The Wèi Emperor praised him, and then called Shěn Héng to come close, and spoke with him all day. Shěn Héng followed affairs in answering, without yielding.
Later, Shěn Héng returned to Wú and said: “Your Servant secretly consulted Attendant Internal Liú Yè, he repeatedly for the [Wèi] rebels established treacherous plans, and to the end they will not be honest for long. Your Servant has heard the military schools’ old discussions, to not rely on the enemy not attacking us, but to rely on us being unattackable, and now for the Court I consider this. Moreover, one should reduce and rest other conscription, only attend to agriculture and sericulture to expand the army’s resources, repair and mend boats and chariots, increase and make battle tools, and order all to double reserves; succor and raise troops and civilians, to have each have their place; embrace and accept the outstanding and eminent, reward and encourage officers and soldiers, then Heaven’s Under can be planned for.”
Sūn Dēng appellation Zǐgāo was Sūn Quán’s eldest son. In Wèi’s Huángchū Second Year, as Sūn Quán became King of Wú, Wèi also appointed Sūn Dēng as East Internal Cadet General (to summon him to Wèi’s Court), enfeoffed a ten thousand household Marquess, Sūn Dēng declined citing illness and did not accept. That year, enthroned Sūn Dēng as Wú Heir-Apparent, chose and installed a Teacher and Tutor, selected out exceptional servicemen to be his retainer-friends, and therefore Zhūgě Jǐn’s son Zhūgě Kè, Zhāng Zhāo’s son Zhāng Xiū, Gù Yōng’s grandson Gù Tán, Chén Wǔ’s son Chén Biǎo and others were selected to enter, attending and lecturing on the Shī and Shū, going out to follow in riding and shooting. Sūn Quán wished Sūn Dēng read the Hàn shū, to study and understand the affairs of the recent era. As Zhāng Zhāo had teaching expertise, thus ordered Zhāng Xiū to from Zhāng Zhāo receive study, and return to educate Sūn Dēng. Sūn Dēng hosted and received the government office associates, generally using plain clothes commoner rituals, with Zhūgě Kè, Zhāng Xiū, Gù Tán and the rest sometimes sharing carriage in traveling, sometimes sharing tents in sleeping.28
When Wú fief kingdom was established, Zhāng Zhāo with Sūn Shào, Téng Yìn, Zhèng Lǐ and others selected from Zhōu’s and Hàn’s examples to compile and determine Wú’s Court ceremonies.29
Once, when Sūn Quán was at Wǔchāng’s Líndiào terrace, he drank liquor and was greatly intoxicated, and had someone with water spray the various ministers, saying: “Today, drink to full, only when drunk to falling over in the terrace are you to stop!” Zhāng Zhāo with a stern expression did not speak, but exited out to sit in his carriage. Sūn Quán sent someone to call Zhāng Zhāo back and said: “It is only having fun with everyone, why is Your Excellency angry?” Zhāng Zhāo said: “In the past Zhòu made a hill of wine dregs and pool of liquor to drink all night. At the time he also believed it fun, not believing it an evil.” Sūn Quán was silent, had an expression of shame, and therefore dismissed the liquor.30
When Sūn Quán became King of Wú and was to appoint an Assistant Chancellor for Wú, the multitudes believed it should be Zhāng Zhāo. Sūn Quán said: “Right now there are many affairs, the responsibilities of the office for managing them are heavy, not the way to honor him.”31 Sūn Quán later appointed Sūn Shào.32
Sūn Shào appellation Chángxù was a Běihǎi man, height eight chǐ. He had been Kǒng Róng’s Merit Department official, and Kǒng Róng appraised him as: “Talent for an Imperial Court.” He accompanied Liú Yáo to the Jiāng’s east. When Sūn Quán managed affairs, he repeatedly explained conveniences and to send tribute to Hàn. He had previously been Lújiāng Administrator and Chief Clerk to Sūn Quán’s office as Chariots and Cavalry General.33
After Sūn Quán had become King of Wú, at the end of a feast celebration, he personally rose to pass out liquor, Yú Fān fell to the ground and acted intoxicated, unable to accept. After Sūn Quán left, Yú Fān rose and sat up. Sūn Quán because of this insult was greatly furious, hand wielding sword wishing to strike him, of the attendants and seated none were not terrified, only Liú Jī rose and grabbed Sūn Quán, remonstrating: “Great King, if you after three goblets kill an excellent servicemen, even if Yú Fān is guilty, Under Heaven who would understand that? Moreover you Great King are able to tolerate the worthy and care for the masses, and therefore those Within the Seas look in expectation. Now to in one instant abandon that, can it be?”
Sūn Quán said: “Cáo [Cāo] Mèngdé yet killed Kǒng [Róng] Wénjǔ, how can I not kill Yú Fān?”
Liú Jī said: “Mèngdé recklessly harmed a serviceman and Heaven’s Under criticized him. Great King you personally enact virtue and righteousness, wishing to be comparable to Yáo and Shùn in glory, how can you compare yourself to that [Cáo Cāo]?”
Yú Fān because of this was able to be spared. Sūn Quán therefore ordered his Left and Right that from then on if he said to kill someone after drinking alcohol, all were not to be killed.34
Liú Jī appellation Jìngyú was Liú Yáo’s eldest son. Aged fourteen, when residing in mourning for Liú Yáo he was exhaustive in ritual. Of Liú Yáo’s former officials’ offerings, all he would not accept. He had beautiful appearance, and Sūn Quán favored and respected him. When Sūn Quán became Agile Cavalry General, Liú Jī was his East Department official. Once when Sūn Quán held a drinking banquet, Cavalry Commandant Yú Fān was intoxicated and disobedient, Sūn Quán wished to kill him, his fearsome anger extremely flourishing, only Liú Jī remonstrated and argued, and Yú Fān by this obtained escape.35
Once, Yú Fān was traveling in a boat, with Mí Fāng encountering one another. Of the people on Mí Fāng’s boat many wished to have Yú Fān move out of the way, and the front escort said: “Avoid the General’s boat!” Yú Fān in stern voice said: “Having lost loyalty and faith, how can one serve a lord? For a man who overturned two cities to yet be called a General, can it be?” Mí Fāng closed the doors and did not answer, and quickly avoided Yú Fān’s boat. Later, Yú Fān was riding in a carriage, and also was passing through the gates of Mí Fāng’s camp. The camp clerks had shut the gates, the carriage could not pass through. Yú Fān again angrily said: “When you should close you instead open, when you should open you instead close, how is this appropriate?” Mí Fāng heard this, and had shamed expression.36
Yú Fān by nature was recklessly direct, repeatedly having drunkenness faults. Once, Sūn Quán and Zhāng Zhāo were discussing immortals, Yú Fān pointed at Zhāng Zhāo and said: “Those are all dead men, yet you call them immortals! In the world how are there immortals?” Sūn Quán’s accumulated angers were not only one, and therefore he exiled Yú Fān to Jiāo Province. Though Yú Fān lived in punishment, yet he lectured and studied without tiring, his gate disciples always were several hundred people. He also composed teaching notes on the Lǎo-zǐ, Lúnyǔ, Guóyǔ, all passed through the ages.37
《陳壽·魏志二·文帝紀》冬十月，授楊彪光祿大夫。以穀貴，罷五銖錢。己卯，以大將軍曹仁為大司馬。十二月，行東巡。是歲築陵雲臺。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志二·文帝紀》魏書曰：己亥，公卿朝朔旦，并引故漢太尉楊彪，待以客禮，詔曰：「夫先王制几杖之賜，所以賓禮黃耇褒崇元老也。昔孔光、卓茂皆以淑德高年，受茲嘉錫。公故漢宰臣，乃祖已來，世著名節，年過七十，行不踰矩，可謂老成人矣，所宜寵異以章舊德。其賜公延年杖及馮几；謁請之日，便使杖入，又可使著鹿皮冠。」彪辭讓不聽，竟著布單衣、皮弁以見。續漢書曰：彪見漢祚將終，自以累世為三公，恥為魏臣，遂稱足攣，不復行。積十餘年，帝即王位，欲以為太尉，令近臣宣旨。彪辭曰：「嘗以漢朝為三公，值世衰亂，不能立尺寸之益，若復為魏臣，於國之選，亦不為榮也。」帝不奪其意。黃初四年，詔拜光祿大夫，秩中二千石，朝見位次三公，如孔光故事。彪上章固讓，帝不聽，又為門施行馬，致吏卒，以優崇之。年八十四，以六年薨。子脩，事見陳思王傳。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志二·文帝紀》子脩，事見陳思王傳。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志十九·陳思王植傳》典略曰：楊脩字德祖，太尉彪子也。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志十九·陳思王植傳》典略曰：至二十四年秋，公以脩前後漏泄言教，交關諸侯，乃收殺之。脩臨死，謂故人曰：「我固自以死之晚也。」其意以為坐曹植也。其意以為坐曹植也。脩死後百餘日而太祖薨，太子立，遂有天下。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志十九·陳思王植傳》初，脩以所得王髦劍奉太子，太子常服之。及即尊位，在洛陽，從容出宮，追思脩之過薄也，撫其劍，駐車顧左右曰：「此楊德祖昔所說王髦劍也。髦今焉在？」及召見之，賜髦穀帛。
《陳壽·魏志十五·張既傳》涼州盧水胡伊健妓妾、治元多等反，河西大擾。帝憂之，曰：「非既莫能安涼州。」乃召鄒岐，以既代之。詔曰：「昔賈復請擊郾賊，光武笑曰：『執金吾擊郾，吾復何憂？』卿謀略過人，今則其時。以便宜從事，勿復先請。」遣護軍夏侯儒、將軍費曜等繼其後。既至金城，欲渡河，諸將守以為「兵少道險，未可深入」。既曰：「道雖險，非井陘之隘，夷狄烏合，無左車之計，今武威危急，赴之宜速。」遂渡河。賊七千餘騎逆拒軍於鸇陰口，既揚聲軍由鸇陰，乃潛由且次出至武威。胡以為神，引還顯美。既已據武威，曜乃至，儒等猶未達。既勞賜將士，欲進軍擊胡。諸將皆曰：「士卒疲倦，虜眾氣銳，難與爭鋒。」既曰：「今軍無見糧，當因敵為資。若虜見兵合，退依深山，追之則道險窮餓，兵還則出候寇鈔。如此，兵不得解，所謂『一日縱敵，患在數世』也。」遂前軍顯美。胡騎數千，因大風欲放火燒營，將士皆恐。既夜藏精卒三千人為伏，使參軍成公英督千餘騎挑戰，敕使陽退。胡果爭奔之，因發伏截其後，首尾進擊，大破之，斬首獲生以萬數。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志二·文帝紀》魏書曰：十一月辛未，鎮西將軍曹真命眾將及州郡兵討破叛胡治元多、盧水、封賞等，斬首五萬餘級，獲生口十萬，羊一百一十一萬口，牛八萬，河西遂平。帝初聞胡決水灌顯美，謂左右諸將曰：「昔隗囂灌略陽，而光武因其疲弊，進兵滅之。今胡決水灌顯美，其事正相似，破胡事今至不久。」旬日，破胡告檄到，上大笑曰：「吾策之於帷幕之內，諸將奮擊於萬里之外，其相應若合符節。前後戰克獲虜，未有如此也。」
《陳壽·魏志十五·張既傳》帝甚悅，詔曰：「卿踰河歷險，以勞擊逸，以寡勝眾，功過南仲，勤踰吉甫。此勳非但破胡，乃永寧河右，使吾長無西顧之念矣。」徙封西鄉侯，增邑二百，并前四百戶。
《陳壽·魏志十五·張既傳》酒泉蘇衡反，與羌豪鄰戴及丁令胡萬餘騎攻邊縣。既與夏侯儒擊破之，衡及鄰戴等皆降。遂上疏請與儒治左城，築鄣塞，置烽候、邸閣以備胡。〔一〕西羌恐，率眾二萬餘落降。其後西平麴光等殺其郡守，諸將欲擊之，既曰：「唯光等造反，郡人未必悉同。若便以軍臨之，吏民羌胡必謂國家不別是非，更使皆相持著，此為虎傅翼也。光等欲以羌胡為援，今先使羌胡鈔擊，重其賞募，所虜獲者皆以畀之。外沮其勢，內離其交，必不戰而定。」乃檄告諭諸羌，為光等所詿誤者原之；能斬賊帥送首者當加封賞。於是光部黨斬送光首，其餘咸安堵如故。
裴松之注《陳壽·魏志十五·張既傳》魏略曰：儒字俊林，夏侯尚從弟。初為鄢陵侯彰驍騎司馬。
《陳壽·魏志二·文帝紀》己卯，以大將軍曹仁為大司馬。十二月，行東巡。是歲築陵雲臺。
《陳壽·魏志九·曹仁傳》又詔仁移屯臨潁，遷大司馬，復督諸軍據烏江，還屯合肥。
《陳壽·吳志七·張昭傳》魏黃初二年，遣使者邢貞拜權為吳王。貞入門，不下車。昭謂貞曰：「夫禮無不敬，故法無不行。而君敢自尊大，豈以江南寡弱，無方寸之刃故乎！」貞即遽下車。
《陳壽·吳志十·徐盛傳》及權為魏稱藩，魏使邢貞拜權為吳王。權出都亭候貞，貞有驕色，張昭既怒，而盛忿憤，顧謂同列曰：「盛等不能奮身出命，為國家并許洛，吞巴蜀，而令吾君與貞盟，不亦辱乎！」因涕泣橫流。貞聞之，謂其旅曰：「江東將相如此，非久下人者也。」
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》十一月，策命權曰：「蓋聖王之法，以德設爵，以功制祿；勞大者祿厚，德盛者禮豐。故叔旦有夾輔之勳，太公有鷹揚之功，並啟土宇，并受備物，所以表章元功，殊異賢哲也。近漢高祖受命之初，分裂膏腴以王八姓，斯則前世之懿事，後王之元龜也。朕以不德，承運革命，君臨萬國，秉統天機，思齊先代，坐而待旦。惟君天資忠亮，命世作佐，深睹曆數，達見廢興，遠遣行人，浮于潛漢。望風影附，抗疏稱藩，兼納纖絺南方之貢，普遣諸將來還本朝，忠肅內發，款誠外昭，信著金石，義蓋山河，朕甚嘉焉。今封君為吳王，使使持節太常高平侯貞，授君璽綬策書、金虎符第一至第五、左竹使符第一至第十，以大將軍使持節督交州，領荊州牧事，錫君青土，苴以白茅，對揚朕命，以尹東夏。其上故驃騎將軍南昌侯印綬符策。今又加君九錫，其敬聽後命。以君綏安東南，綱紀江外，民夷安業，無或攜貳，是用錫君大輅、戎輅各一，玄牡二駟。君務財勸農，倉庫盈積，是用錫君袞冕之服，赤舄副焉。君化民以德，禮教興行，是用錫君軒縣之樂。君宣導休風，懷柔百越，是用錫君朱戶以居。君運其才謀，官方任賢，是用錫君納陛以登。君忠勇並奮，清除姦慝，是用錫君虎賁之士百人。君振威陵邁，宣力荊南，梟滅凶醜，罪人斯得，是用錫君鈇鉞各一。君文和於內，武信於外，是用錫君彤弓一、彤矢百、玈弓十、玈矢千。君以忠肅為基，恭儉為德，是用錫君秬鬯一卣，圭瓚副焉。欽哉！敬敷訓典，以服朕命，以勖相我國家，永終爾顯烈。」
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》江表傳曰：權群臣議，以為宜稱上將軍九州伯，不應受魏封。權曰：「九州伯，於古未聞也。昔沛公亦受項羽拜為漢王，此蓋時宜耳，復何損邪？」遂受之。
《陳壽·魏志二·文帝紀》十二月，行東巡。是歲築陵雲臺。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》是歲，劉備帥軍來伐，至巫山、秭歸，使使誘導武陵蠻夷，假與印傳，許之封賞。於是諸縣及五谿民皆反為蜀。權以陸遜為督，督朱然、潘璋等以拒之。權以陸遜為督，督朱然、潘璋等以拒之。
《陳壽·吳志七·步騭傳》延康元年，權遣呂岱代騭，騭將交州義士萬人出長沙。會劉備東下，武陵蠻夷蠢動，權遂命騭上益陽。
《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》後從討關羽，封宣城侯，以綏南將軍代呂蒙領南郡太守，住公安。
《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》諸葛瑾字子瑜，琅邪陽都人也。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》吳書曰：初，瑾為大將軍，而弟亮為蜀丞相，二子恪、融皆典戎馬，督領將帥，族弟誕又顯名於魏，一門三方為冠蓋，天下榮之。
《許嵩·建康實錄一·吳上太祖上》是年，劉備怨殺關羽，大舉兵自來伐。至巫山誘武陵五溪蠻夷反，權使大將軍陸遜拒之。南郡太守諸葛瑾時駐公安，使人送牋，論是非以解於備。
《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》時或言瑾別遣親人與備相聞，權曰：「孤與子瑜有死生不易之誓，子瑜之不負孤，猶孤之不負子瑜也。」
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志七·諸葛瑾傳》江表傳曰：瑾之在南郡，人有密讒瑾者。此語頗流聞於外，陸遜表保明瑾無此，宜以散其意。權報曰：「子瑜與孤從事積年，恩如骨肉，深相明究，其為人非道不行，非義不言。玄德昔遣孔明至吳，孤嘗語子瑜曰：『卿與孔明同產，且弟隨兄，於義為順，何以不留孔明？孔明若留從卿者，孤當以書解玄德，意自隨人耳。』子瑜答孤言：『弟亮以失身於人，委質定分，義無二心。弟之不留，猶瑾之不往也。』其言足貫神明。今豈當有此乎？孤前得妄語文疏，即封示子瑜，并手筆與子瑜，即得其報，論天下君臣大節，一定之分。孤與子瑜，可謂神交，非外言所閒也。知卿意至，輒封來表，以示子瑜，使知卿意。」
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》遣都尉趙咨使魏。魏帝問曰：「吳王何等主也？」咨對曰：「聰明仁智，雄略之主也。」帝問其狀，咨曰：「納魯肅於凡品，是其聰也；拔呂蒙於行陳，是其明也；獲于禁而不害，是其仁也；取荊州而兵不血刃，是其智也；據三州虎視於天下，是其雄也；屈身於陛下，是其略也。」
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》帝欲封權子登，權以登年幼，上書辭封，重遣西曹掾沈珩陳謝，并獻方物。立登為王太子。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》江表傳曰：是歲魏文帝遣使求雀頭香、大貝、明珠、象牙、犀角、玳瑁、孔雀、翡翠、鬥鴨、長鳴雞。群臣奏曰：「荊、揚二州，貢有常典，魏所求珍玩之物非禮也，宜勿與。」權曰：「昔惠施尊齊為王，客難之曰：『公之學去尊，今王齊，何其倒也？』惠子曰：『有人於此，欲擊其愛子之頭，而石可以代之，子頭所重而石所輕也，以輕代重，何為不可乎？』方有事於西北，江表元元，恃主為命，非我愛子邪？彼所求者，於我瓦石耳，孤何惜焉？彼在諒闇之中，而所求若此，寧可與言禮哉！」皆具以與之。
《陳壽·吳志十四·孫登傳》孫登字子高，權長子也。魏黃初二年，以權為吳王，拜登東中郎將，封萬戶侯，登辭疾不受。是歲，立登為太子，選置師傅，銓簡秀士，以為賓友，於是諸葛恪、張休、顧譚、陳表等以選入，侍講詩書，出從騎射。權欲登讀漢書，習知近代之事，以張昭有師法，重煩勞之，乃令休從昭受讀，還以授登。登待接寮屬，略用布衣之禮，與恪、休、譚等或同輿而載，或共帳而寐。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志七· 張昭傳》吳錄曰：昭與孫紹、滕胤、鄭禮等，採周、漢，撰定朝儀。
《陳壽·吳志七· 張昭傳》權於武昌，臨釣臺，飲酒大醉。權使人以水灑群臣曰：「今日酣飲，惟醉墮臺中，乃當止耳。」昭正色不言，出外車中坐。權遣人呼昭還，謂曰：「為共作樂耳，公何為怒乎？」昭對曰：「昔紂為糟丘酒池長夜之飲，當時亦以為樂，不以為惡也。」權默然，有慚色，遂罷酒。
《陳壽·吳志七· 張昭傳》初，權當置丞相，眾議歸昭。權曰：「方今多事，職統者責重，非所以優之也。」
《許嵩·建康實錄一·吳上太祖上》初置丞相，以陽羨侯孫劭領之。
《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》四年夏五月，丞相孫邵卒。
裴松之注《陳壽·吳志二·吳主傳》吳錄曰：邵字長緒，北海人，長八尺。為孔融功曹，融稱曰「廊廟才也」。從劉繇於江東。及權統事，數陳便宜，以為應納貢聘，權即從之。拜廬江太守，遷車騎長史。黃武初為丞相，威遠將軍，封陽羨侯。
《陳壽·吳志十二· 虞翻傳》權既為吳王，歡宴之末，自起行酒，翻伏地陽醉，不持。權去，翻起坐。權於是大怒，手劍欲擊之，侍坐者莫不惶遽，惟大（司）農劉基起抱權諫曰：「大王以三爵之後（手）殺善士，雖翻有罪，天下孰知之？且大王以能容賢畜眾，故海內望風，今一朝棄之，可乎？」權曰：「曹孟德尚殺孔文舉，孤於虞翻何有哉？」基曰：「孟德輕害士人，天下非之。大王躬行德義，欲與堯、舜比隆，何得自喻於彼乎？」翻由是得免。權因敕左右，自今酒後言殺，皆不得殺。
《陳壽·吳志四· 劉繇傳》繇長子基，字敬輿，年十四，居繇喪盡禮，故吏餽餉，皆無所受。姿容美好，孫權愛敬之。權為驃騎將軍，辟東曹掾，拜輔義校尉、建忠中郎將。權為吳王，遷基大農。權嘗宴飲，騎都尉虞翻醉酒犯忤，權欲殺之，威怒甚盛，由基諫爭，翻以得免。
《陳壽·吳志十二· 虞翻傳》翻嘗乘船行，與麋芳相逢，芳船上人多欲令翻自避，先驅曰：「避將軍船！」翻厲聲曰：「失忠與信，何以事君？傾人二城，而稱將軍，可乎？」芳闔戶不應而遽避之。後翻乘車行，又經芳營門，吏閉門，車不得過。翻復怒曰：「當閉反開，當開反閉，豈得事宜邪？」芳聞之，有慚色。
《陳壽·吳志十二· 虞翻傳》翻性疏直，數有酒失。權與張昭論及神仙，翻指昭曰：「彼皆死人，而語神仙，世豈有仙人（也）〔邪〕！」權積怒非一，遂徙翻交州。雖處罪放，而講學不倦，門徒常數百人。又為老子、論語、國語訓注，皆傳於世。